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Howl Oiie-Legied Rebel Lives. 



REMINISCENCES OF 



"THE CIVIL WAR. 



THE STORY OF THE CAMPAIGNS OF 

STONEWALL JACKSON, 

AS TOLD BY A 

HIGH PRIVATE IN THE "FOOT CAVALPvY." 



Froia AlleiMiiy Moniilaiii to tocellorsTille ! 

Wit/i the Complete Regimental Rosters of both the 
Great Armies at Gettysbitrg. 

Cp7icludi7ig with a trip from Catlettsburg 
to Pike, Ky: ■ • - 



\ : LATE' OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT V,iRGINIA INFANTRY. 

CHRONICLE STEAM PRINTING CO., CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA., 1891 



I ^ V ^ ^ 



PREFACE. 



'l^fefeT 



To the Reader— Greeting : 

MY CHIEF OBJFXT in this work is to get 
something to support myself with — in fact, it 
is a scheme founded on food, raiment and shelter, 
which 1 lind hard to come at by one in my situation, 
there being so few positions open to a man maimed 
aus I am, with no more education and business train- 
ing tlian I possess; but, uevei'theiess, I am no appli- 
cant for charity.. 

I honestly believe that my little book is well worth 
jts pric-e, and I claim for it stj-ict bistt-ric accuracy in- 
ail its details. 

I have bt^en materially aided in it* i>r<^paration hy 
gentlemen weil posted by t'ic.j.>eri-euce aad reading in 
the history of the war, and not oac-haif o-f tha col- 
lected tiatui liift been ti*ed, because space could not fxe- 
nffordcd, but I hot>e to follow this by another, if this 
caniudate for public favor j^hould he succe^^.^ul, and- 
4liy experience bi ;he past with tho big-hearted, g<" 
«r-ous people ojf,tU:U coyntry — North and South— jus^ 
tiftes my p^-praiiCtQ, ,6nish ,the work now bcgi^n, ar^d 
t?.cM\ifO'mti'''pogci? to_ the* difstory of tht *' Cruel War'* 
Whkh would (Xhervyi^^ b*? 'kin^^ittcii. 



How A One-Legged Rebel Lives I 



CHAPTER I. 

In fulfilling the promise of my title page, I must 
begin at the beginning, and tell how I came to be a 
"one-legged" rebel, which interesting result was 
brought about by the skill and enterprise of certain 
surgeons of the C. vS. A., who amj/utated the other 
leg; but it goes without telling that the reason I was 
a rebel, "so-called," was my Old Virginia birth, 
whicli occurred in Rappahannock coiintj/ on the 26th 
of March, 1844. 

I do not contemplate autobiography, itor very much 
of general history, and if, in. putting my story to- 
gether, I should fail to round my perio<.is handsomely 
an(i uniit ilie liigh-toned and classic ailusion- to 
Achilles and Hector^ the Trojan Horse ainul Ulysses, 
Richard and Saladin, these, more or less, of the boys 
who figured in ages past, and which siiouid adcnvn my 
pages, I iiope my lenient reader will travel tiie road 
fcW enough \^ith me to leavrn that I am, unfortunately, 
lacking in classic lore, and cannot comv>are iti erudi- 
tion with a '' I\losb3^" a Gen. "Dick" T;i\Jor or a 
John Ksten Cf;oke, v.ho wo^ud fight you a battle, 
gloriously, to-d-;iy with the sword, and l%h4: it.over 
again for you to-rnorrcAv.as gracefully -vvitli tJ-e pen. 
I \vas "nothing bu.t a private," and a v^ry junior one 
at that, when thedate disturbance between the top and 
bottom of the m;^p of the United States occurred, but 



I took a very lively interest in the arbitration from its 
very commencement. 

At that time I was a sixteen-year-old, under instruc- 
tion at Mossy Creek Academy, in Augusta county — 
just the riglit age to have a good deal of fool in my 
composition, and at exactly the right place to develop 
that quality, for if there was any one point more tlian 
another, in all Virginia, where the war fever struck 
hard, as '.n epidemic, it was" in Augusta county ; and 
it required long time and strong medicine, too, to cure 
it up there in the valley ; but it zuas cured, and now 
we no more wish or expect to see the armed legions 
of sectional hate wheeling and clanking through blood 
and desolation in the beautiful Valley of Virginia. 

On the i6th June. 1861, my patriotism boiled over, 

and I volunteered under Gapt. James Huddell, in 

>^ Company D, 5 2d Regiment Virginia Infantry, com- 

"^manded then by. that noble Virginia gentleman, states- 
p man and soldier, Col. John B. Baldwin, of Stkunton, 

■^<i and we rem.ained near that place until the loth Sep- 
__,tember ; being licked into soldier shape by dint of 

r discipline, drill, and duty, when -we marcHed, by way 

^ of Buffalo Gap, to Grab Bottom, in Highland county, 

^ at the head of Jackson's river. 

2 At this place stands a barn, the property of Jacob 

^_ Hebner, from the eaves of which the water flows north 
and south — one way into the Potomac and -the other 
into' the. James, the head-springs of the two rivers 
being here only a stone's-throw apart ; and, like the 
sentiment of the country at that time, takings the 
widest divergent direction to be brought together- 
again; after measuring their full course,' in one com-, 
mon destiny at the ocea.D'-. * ^ 



5 

It is interesting, sometimes, to the old vetcians, to 
go back, in retrospect, to the days of '6i, wrieii sol- 
dier-life was gilded with the glory that was to..be, and 
we were making our first preparations for the field in 
a war which we were taught to think would be a v^ery 
short one- — ninety days at most, but which tried our 
faith, nerve and patience, for four of the longest years 
that are ever crowded into the lifetime of one genera- 
tion. And believing that some account of what we 
did and how we managed at that time, will be of in- 
terest to the general reader, and especially to the 
children of the old soldiers, I have ventured to draw 
on the treasury of memory, and the interesting little 
book of my friend, Carlton McCarthy, for what is 
fast fading aw^ay. We who passed through it can 
smile nov/ at our crude ideas of what was then neces- 
sary to make up the outfit for war of the rnfantry 
soldier, but it won't be long until we shall all have 
passed " over the river," and the memory of those 
little things which made the Confederate soldier 
what he Vv^as, will die too ; and though the liistorians 
will tell, with eloquent pen, of the grand movements 
of armies and of the deeds of the Generals, he will 
hardly stop to explain how the private soldier was 
evolved from the farmer, the clerk, the mechanic, the 
school-boy, and transformed into the perfect, all-en 
during, untiring and invincible soldier, who broiled 
his bacon on a stick and baked his bread on a ramrod. 

The volunteer of '6 1 was a very elaborate institu- 
tion, and entertained the idea that he was little, if any 
inferior to Napoleon, in his capacity and possibilities, 
and he of the South was very sure that he was a 
matcij, in the field, for any five Yankees in the United 



6 

wStates ; an idea which was. to a certain extent, elimi- 
nated along with otlier erroneous ones wliic^i, at the 
outbreak of the disturbance, were entertained. 

In his preparation for the campaign the Confederate 
soldier was forced to depend upon home resources, 
and in the first place he thought big boot.^^. the higher 
the better, were essential to his niilitar}' appearance; 
but he learned after awhile that a broad bottomed 
shoe was ver}^ much lighter to cany and easier on 
his ankles. 

He also thought he must wear a very heavy padded 
coat, with long tails and many buttons, but this too 
proved an error, and a very short experience induced 
him to lay aside the coat and substituic a short- 
waisted, single-breasted jacket, which transformation 
gave the " Rebs " the universal title of ** (jray Jack- 
ets " by the neiglibors over the way — the Yankees. 

We went in heavy on fancy caps, wavelocks and 
other cockady and statel)* head -gear, but these early 
gave way to the comfortable slouch hat, and to tliis 
day the Confederate veterans are much mystified when 
the)' read of the French and Prussians wearing the 
little caps and heavy helmets on the march and in the 
field, but the volunteer of '6i was a fearfully and won- 
derfully gotten up representative of the Sons of Mars 
in the first tlush of his war-fever. He carried more 
baggage then llian a major-general did afterwards, 
and many of these " high privates " were followed by 
their own faithful body-servants, who did their cook- 
ing, washing ?.nd foraging, blacked those imposing 
boots, dusted his clothes, and bragged to the other 
negroes of what a noble soldier and gentleman "Massa 
Tom " or •' Massa Dick " was. 



7 

The knapsack was a terror, loaded with thirty to 
fifty pounds of surplus baggage, consisting of all man- 
ner of extra underwear, towels, cornbs, brushes, 
blacking, looking-glasses, needles, thread, buttons, 
bandages, everything thought of as necessary, and 
strapped on the outside were two great, heavy blank- 
ets and a gun or oilcloth. His haversack, too, hung 
on his shoulder, and always had a good stock of pro- 
visions, as though a march across the Sahara might 
at an}' time be imminent. The inevitable canteen, 
with contents more or less, was also slung from the 
shoulder, and most of the boys thought a bold sol- 
dier's outfit for the war was absolutely incomplete 
unless he vra.s supplied with long gloves. In fact, 
the volunteer of '6i made himself a complete beast of 
burden, and was so heavily clad, weighted and cramped 
that a march was absolute torture, and the wagon 
trains of mess-chests and. camp equipage were so im- 
mense in proportion to the number of men that it 
would have been impossible to guard them in an ene- 
my's country, or anywhere else, against enterprising 
cavalry. However, wisdom is born of experience, 
and before many campaigns has been worried through 
the private soldier, reduced to the minimum, con- 
sisted of one man, one hat, one jacket, one pair pants, 
one pair drawers, one pair socks, one pair shoes, and 
his baggage was one blanket, one gum-cloth and one 
haversack, while the vv^onderfully-constructed mess- 
chests, with lids convertible into cozy dining tables, 
and with numerous divisions and subdivisions in 
nooks and cases for the holding of all irfiag^inafele 
necessaries and luxuries, of tea and coffee, spices and 
condiments, dishes, ciips, vases and spoons, were 



stored nevermore to see the light in the army again J^ 
and the company property consisted of two or three 
skillets and frying-pans, which didn't take up much 
wagon room — for the infantryman generally preferred 
to stick the handle of the mess frying-pan into the 
barrel of a musket and thus be sure of having it at a 
given point on the march when the minimum weight 
soldier got there, for the wagon got to be very unre- 
liable for the transportation of anything but ammuni- 
tion ; but sometimes they carried a small quantity of 
commissary stores, generally for the use of the train 
quartermaster and his staff. 

The most important appearing personage in the^ 
army was the aforesaid quartermaster, who always; 
managed to have saved for his own use, out of th.e 
scanty supplies, an abundance of the best, and as all 
drivers and assistants in his department held their 
"bomb-proofs " at his supreme pleasure, he had it in 
his power at all times to control freights. His hand- 
some, flashy, lace-trimmed uniform of fine gray cloth, 
adorned with the star or bar of his rank, caused the 
folks along the line of march to imagine they had the 
pivilege of gazing at some of the famous generals— 
Longstreet, Hill, Pickett, or perhaps Lee himself — 
when in fact the generals, in their dingy dress, had 
passed unnoticed, and this gaily caparisoned cavalier 
was only a quartermaster marshaling a little wagon 
train in rear of the army. 

The Confederate soldier held on to his haversack, 
not to carry food in as is popularly supposed, but it 
was the ever present receptacle for tobacco, pipes, 
strings, buttons and the like, and very often when, 
with great display and bluster by the commissaries, 



three days' rations were issued to the men, the>^ 
would cook and eat the whole lot at one meal, which 
was decidedly the most convenient way of carryings 
it, and besides it was usually the case that they had: 
been without food for from two to five meals, and it 
was not much of an exploit to consume the small 
quantity issued for what was termed "three days' ra- 
tions," and after eating it, they would trust to luclc 
and strategy for meals, or go hungry, as usual, till 
the next ration day. 

The commissary department of the Southern Con- 
federacy was most scandalously mismanaged from 
the beginning, and the commissary general. Colonel 
Northrop, was the worst and most complete failure, 
North or South, of the whole war, in consequence of 
which the men' were forced to forage for themselves. 
As the war progressed and this stern " mother of in- 
vention " and " neutralizer of all law," Necessity, and 
Hunger, her child, made themselves felt in all their 
force, it was no uncommon sight to see a whole bri- 
gade marching in solid column along a road one 
minute and the next scattered over a big brier field 
picking the blackberries, but as soon as the gleanings 
was done all would return to the ranks and resume 
the march as though nothing had happened to break 
it, and in the fall of the year a persimmon tree would 
halt a column as long as a 'simmon was on it. 

We had no sutlers in our army ; the blockade and 
dearth of marketable funds prevented that, the near- 
est approach to it being the occasional old darkey 
with his cider cart or basket of pies and cakes — sa 
called— and it was almost marvelous to see how quick 
the old contraband's stock would be cleaned out. 



10 

The rebel soldiei* def-)tMided much upon the suppli^ee 5 
l^e could get from the enemy in battle, for the Yar>- j 
ke^fi were always abundantly supplied, and thui^ we i 
had a double iricentive to win tlie fight. 

A federal officer who was conversing with Gen, 
Jackson in the street of Jlarper's Ferry, at irs surrerv- 
der in Sept., '62, .says that an orderly galloped up t-o 
■"Stone wall'' and said : "General, I am ordered by Gen. 
McT.aws to report to you that McClellan's whole 
ami)' is within six miles, and coming this way." 
Jackson touk no notice of it at all, and the orderly 
turned to ride back when the General called to him., 
■*'has Cxcn. McClellan a drove ol cattle or a wagon 
tr.iin with him?" The orderly replied that he had. 
■•' All right," said Jackson, " I can whip any army that \ 
is followed by a drove of c^ittle ;" alluding to the 
"hungry condition of his men, and the good fighting 
qualities thereby develope(i when beef was in sight. 

Stealing is a low vice, no matter who does it, but 
that h.ungry men should take whatever they found in 
tJie eating line is not to be wondered at, and the old ' 
Iri '.h adage, "Tr.ere's no law for a hungry man," 
should be borne in mind when judging the soldier. 

In the early days, when the volunteers were being 
mustered for " twelve months, unless sooner dis- 
charged," and the idea of a short war was being iti- 
dnstriously promulgated by the big men of the cross 
roads, and the newspaper generals at the county seats, 
the boys were very uneasy about it, for fear it would 
wind up before they could get in. 

When the first Manassas was fought, tlie S-'^^^ "V'a. 
was sorely disgruntled, believing they had been left 
out for a purpo.se, and jealousy rankled hot in our 



II 

hearts a^ ^\ght of the b.-'.tteiy boys, and otliers, from 
Staunton, who were sp/.r^tig; around town with bullet- ■ 
wounds and bloody bi;} Mges, the idols of the girls 
'and made heroes of by everybody. Fate was against 
us, for we had not even seen the smoke of that first 
^reat battle from afar, and we would have resigned 
a kingdom without a murmur to have had one of those 
wounds : even a very small wound would have been 
thankfully received, and wc noticed also that the 
accounts and descriptions of the battle were consid- 
ered much more accurate and authentic when related 
by some fellow with his arm in a sling and a general 
air about him of — "stand aside I lam holier than 
tliou/' "been wounded at Manas^s;is ;" although it 
migkt be that he got crij^pjed under a wngon, and 
never saw a Yankee. 

But every one of these veteran heroes of that bat- 
tle was supposed to have slain at least four Yankees, 
and fought Sherman's batter}' with bowie knife. 
** Charging" the batteries of the enemy was the favor- 
ite amusement of the lucky fellows v^ho v/ere at 
Manassas, and every one of them had " charged," 
more or less, batteries that day, and the men who 
captured the "long Tom" rifie piece were wonder- 
fully numerous. 



CHAPTER II. 

I must now return to the canij.^ at Crab Bottom, be- 
cause our stay was brief, and tiie rumors of the ope- 
'Vations of our great Generals in the mountains were 
.\umerous. There was ab.vays news, and Floyd, Wise, 
J \oring, Lee, Johnston, and other great cx^mmanders 



12 

of the Confederacy, were measuring lances with Miyij 
roy, Rosecrans, McClellan, Cox, Tyler, Schenck, &c| 
of the Federal Army, for the control of the empi 
of Western Virginia, and the time has come, in m)i 
story, for the 52nd to " mix in," as Forrest, the famous 
cavalryman, would say. 

We marched towards Moorefield, but stopped at a^ 
camp called "Straight Creek," in Highland county, 
and' were joined by Capt. Shumaker, with his battery. 
from " Camp Bartow," and here we did have a mostj 
glorious time of it, in the perfect autumn weather of 
the mountain glades and vales, and oh! such living ! 
The memory of the buckwheat and honey, the cakes, 
pies, roast beef and wild turkey, lingers lingeringly, 
and r would I were a boy again in camp with the old 
52nd; but the regiment* has made its last march on 
this side the shadow land, and nothing is left but the 
glorious memory of the good time gone. 

While here an incident occurred wl,iich made quite 
an impression on my boyish mind, and I very much] 
doubt if it has been forgotten by the oldest survivor. 
Our camp was on the bank of a creek and just below 
the point where a mill dam was located. It was quite 
a large dam and had been sufficient, up to this time, 
to hold the accumulated water in check, but now it 
chose to give way, and sweeping like a mighty flood 
through the camp it overwhelmed tents, barracks, 
bunks, and all pertaining to our little military, in one 
universal ruin. We were completely washed out, andl 
the disaster served, in a measure, to reconcile us to the 
movement we were soon called to make to Alleghr 
mountain ; and now our soldier life began to lose 
gilding. 



I 



13 

Our regiment Was ordered to report to Gen. H. R. 
ackson, of Georgia, a veteran of the Mexican war, in 
vhich he was a Colonel of Volunteers, who had been 
eft with two brigades, by Gsn. Lee, to hold the cross- 
ng at Greenbrier river of the turnpike leading from 
Staunton to Parkersburg across Cheat mountain, and 
ifter passing^through the intervening valley, and then 
he Alleghany fiiountain into our own Valley., 

Jackson's camp here was called "Camp Bartow,'* 
rom one of the heroes of Manassas, the lamented 
Colonel of the 8th Georgia. 

• The Southern camp was on the south bank of the 
-iver, here not more than twenty yards wide, but Col. 
Baldwin had, by order of Gen. Jackson, posted our 
'egiment at the Alleghany pass, in our rear. When 
:he Federals learned of the withdrawal of the large 
yody of Southern troops towards the Kanawha, they 
ietermined to move the balance of us, and Gen.-Rey- 
lolds, of brilliant Gettysburg fame, organized a force 
)f 6,000 troops, with twelve pieces of artillery, and 
"rioving from their camp, on the summit of Cheat 
nountain, on the 2nd Oct., came down on Camp Bar- 
;ow with great gallantry; but Jackson's two little 
brigades, commanded by Col.'s Johnson and Taliaferro, 
>tood their ground so stubbornly that, after exhaust- 
ng all their means to drive them from the field, in a 
cattle co'mmettGing' early on Thursday morning, Oct. 
5, and continuing till half-past two o'clock P. M., the 
Federals retreated in confusion, losing over 300 men 
<illetl a*n'd wounded, while Jackson's loss was 6 
villed, 31 wounded and 12 missing.' . 
^- Gen. Reynolds had intended to'ciear the turnpike,' 
ijid march to Stau-nton, but not succeeding^ in getting' 



"Camp Bartow," he failed to approach our post i ^ 
Alleghany pasi> and, to our chagrin, we had lofl" 
another opportunity to fight the Yankees, so v/e grun",!*' 
bled savagely — fully satisfied now that the war woul'U 
end and we would not have any show at all to distinip 
guish ourselves. However, we "roughed it," soldierU 
fashion, and grew very familiar with the mountains M 
iji fact, v^ might have been mistaken, from our laaM 
guage, for a corps of topographical engineers. S( < 
extensively did we talk of what was being done ii 
our department. Go where ytni would about tlw 
cajnp, such geographical reaiarks as "Gen. I.ee ia 
moving on the Yanks at Elkwater," " Geii. Floyd ii 
going to cut them off at Meadow BlutTs," "Old Gov 
Wise will knock '*em out at Seweli mountain," " Rose 
crans whipped at Lewisburg ;" *'we will flank them by 
way of CaruifiiX Fen^/ ;" and we iised U) h(:t largely 
on what " Ned." Joiinson would do wIk^m I'aliaferro's 
brigade joined him. We Irad an idea that -a regiment 
of Soiiihern iroop.s .was something fearful to run 
again. St, and Ti% for a brigade — weJl, it was simply ir- 
resistible — in fact every man was a general, and knew 
exactly what to do next, no mailer wlvdt ]\:n\ beeii 
the result of the last movement. But discoiuMging 
days were at Irartd, and when winter caiue upon u<i 
great numbers of the men got sick, and the mountaia 
fogs and frr^sf* were liard«;'r to ri-.-.u-i-nd ''-^^ixh ihan ilie 

Wlv:2^ i.;en. rioyU made his march injm the (.ranley 
river to Fa^-etle C.' FI.; he had to transport more thau 
^oo sick men. and although he V'.-m for twenty days 
engaged hi 8kirmi^hi.ug ai\d figHting the Yankties 
for the right c>f ' way, hi.^ kilU-cf and 'i't'oumfiid only 



IS 

ai amounted to 14. After the fight at Greenbrier river^ 
ijiGen. H. R. Jackson was sent on duty to Georgia; 
Taliaterro*s brigade was withdrawn towards Staunton ; 
Camp Bartov/ was only occupied by scouts and pick- 
ets, and our line of defence was drawn back to Alle- 
ghany mountain, fourtet^n miles from Greenbrier 
river and the same distance from Montery, with Col. 
Edward Johnson in command, with about 1,200 m'?ti^ 
consisting of the 12th Georgia, 31st Virginia, the 
52nd Virginia, under Col. Baldwin, the battalions of 
flansborough and Riger, and two batteries of four 
6-pounders under Captains Anderson and Miller, also 
one company of cavalry under Col. Fioiinioy, and 
here, with a scanty supply of blankets and rations, in 
the keen, frost}- .tir of the mountains w^e actually 
s^ufTered. 

About this time a name, afterwards weil-knowti rti 
the ValleVv was much taikexi of, and on the l \th of 
Dec., its ownt;!', T-^v-ji. Yi. rl. Mihoy, app<:ared i'? otir 
froi\t, with a foTC<^ which, his own peopie 'aid, 
amounted to 8,o<30. 

His first move o<i oin line was made at \Slavin's 
Crossiuf.^ about three mile-s from Camp Bart<>w, on 
tb.e icSth, where Major K.Ob:v, with tlv<- V(4ualc'..r.s of 
the brigade, with roo men, met the advance of t.he 
enemy and checked their .moveme-nt long enough lor 
Coi. Johnson to get ready for them ; and the VA-xt 
morning the gTcat General Milroy's arnn' came up 
huiitiug a fight, aiull .itn 0/ tli-e '.>piuion to this (h\y 
, it ru>body had to waste time hunting a figlit around 
old Ed. Johnson without getting as much as wa,s good 
fiw- them before; r^-^h-t. 
• The Viiginians and Ge(>rg:iaiis had a hot brcal:il^:..t 



i6 1 

all ready for Milrqy's folks as soon as they got theie, 
and the. 31st Virginia, especially, was very hospitable 
in their reception. This regiment was'' mostly com- 
posed of N. W. Va. men, and Milroy stood between 
them and home, which appeared to make them par- 
ticularly severe on him, and their gallant commander, 
Major Boykin, led them with dauntless spirit. I had 
a 'splendid position in this battle and could see the 
whole fight without having to take any part in it, and 
1 remember how I thought Col. Johnson' must' be the 
inost wonderful hero in the world, as I saw him at 
one point, where his men were hard pressed, snatch 
a musket in one handand swinging a big cluK in the 
other he led his line right up among the enemy, driv- 
ing them headlong down the mountain, killing and 
and wounding many with the bayonet and capturing 
a large number of prisoners ; but the "boys in blue" 
fought stubbornly, and many of our men were killed 
here on the left of the road. On the right, the enemy, 
in strong force, posted in a mountain clearing, among 
the fallen timber, stumps, and brush, was too much 
for the Rebs, until the veteran, Capt. Anderson, 
brought his battery into position and thundered a 
storm of. round' shot and canister among thern, knock- 
ing their timber defences about their heads, and 
rnakirig their .nest too hot to hold them; and they 
too, retreated to Cheat Mountain, but for quite awhile 
they were pelted by Anderson's, guns and by Miller's 
battery, which got in in the nick of tirne. 

Ca.pt; Anderson was killed just as the A:^ankees 
wer^ breal^ing up into the retreat By a party he mis- 
took for some of our own infantry lying between his 
guns and, the •enemy,.a.nd riding forward he (jailed 



them to. come back into the line, at the same time 
beckoning to tliem with his head, when they fired a 
full volley at him, which killed him instantly. He 
had been through three wars, and had taken part in 
fifty-eight pitched battles. 

Lieutenant Raines, of Lynchburg, took command 
of Anderson's battery, and the other battery, under 
Capt. Miller, had been originally mustered into the 
52d, but was taken out and organized as artillery dur- 
ing the preceding summer. 

My recollections of CoL Edward Johnson, as he 
appeared that day, is very distinct, partly, perhaps, 
because it was the first real battle I had ever wit- 
nessed, but mainly, T think, because he acted so dif- 
ferently from all my preconceived ideas of how a 
commander should act on the field of battle. He was 
a native of Chesterfield county, Virginia, but at the 
opening of the war was living in Georgia, and came 
from there at the first outbreak of hostile prepara- 
tions in command of the 1 2th Georgia regiment. 
After this battle he was made brigadier, and in Feb- 
ruary, '63, was promoted to major-general, and com- 
manded a division in Ewell's corps, composed of the 
brigades of Walker, Stewart and J. M. Tones. 

He was noted all. through the war as a stubborn 
fighter, and was known throughout the country after 
this victory as ".Alleghany " Johnson. 

In the battle of Alleghany Mountain the Federals 
admitted a loss of four hundred killed., and wounded, 
while ours, by actual returns, was twenty-five killed 
and ninety-seven wounded — not more than skirmish- 
ing afterwards, but we rated it as a big battle then. 

The next day I was on detail with the burial party. 



and while putting away two dead Yankees who had 
been in the party that killed Capt. Anderson, we 
found in their pockets the first greenbacks I had ever 
seen. We considered the bills curiosities in the way 
of currency and only valued them as such, not believ- 
ing that such money would be of any more value than 
the continental currency was after the Revolution, fori 
of course the North was to be defeated and impover- 
ished by the war, and not able to redeem her promise 
to pay. In fact, at that time, we would not have 
given ten cents on the dollar for it in Confederate 
money, which goes to sustain the statement elsewhere: 
made that I, as a type of the volunteer of '6i, had a 
considerable touch oi foolxn my composition, because; 
any person o^ common sense must have known that 
the war money of an already established government; 
must, of necessity, have a better show for value than 
that of an experiflient, no matter who might be the 
final winner in the contest, but the faith that was in 
us was strong indeed. 

After the battle of Alleghany Mountain some half- 
dozen of our Company died ; in fact, nearly all the 
wounded died from cold and exposure to the inclem- 
ent winter weather, and we all suffered severely. We 
soon moved our camp to Shenandoah Mountain, 
where Gen. Johnson left us for a while to attend to 
important business in Richmond, and Col. Baldwin 
commanded the department, and we remained here 
until the general movement of armies took place in 
March, 1862. We made our winter quarters as com- 
fortable as we knew how, but we were green cam- 
paigners, and the best we knew was awkward enough. 
We had got some tents, and these with log huts and. 



19 

plenty o( fire kept us in sonae sort of comfort, but 
during this bleak winter the boys talked a good deal 
about their " twelve month's " term of enlistment ex- 
piring in the spring, and not quite so much of their 
fear that the war would be tot) short to give them a 
taste. Our next movement was to the old camp at 
West View, six miles from Staunton, and in prepar- 
ing for this we burned up completely our camp at 
Shenandoah Mountain, tents and ail, w^hich puzzled 
exceedingly the generals of the rank and file, and it 
has always remained a mystery to me why we did it^ 
for there was no eh^my in threatening distance so 
far as we knew. 

While waiting for developments, *' us generals " 
ere passing through an opdeal of electioneering, be- 
cause the term of service for nearly th& whc5le army 
had expired and the time for reorganization of com- 
panies and regiments had arrived, and enlistments 
"for the period of the war." 

To offer a man prom.otion rn the early period of 
the w^ar was almost an insult, and the higher the so- 
cial position, the greater the wealth, the more patri- 
otic it would be to serve in the humble position of 
private in the ranks ; and I have seen many men of 
education and ability refusing promotion, and carry- 
ing their muskets under command of officers greatly 
their inferiors, mentally and morally, as soldier?. It 
was not uncommdii to see ex-congressmen and judges, 
as well as preachers^ tramping along in ranks as pri- 
vates, but one year of soldiering had engendered a 
desire for commissions in the hearts of many, and, 
in some cases, much trickery was resorted to by, as- 
pirants to secure the soldier vote for company offices. 



Our regiment, at reorganization, had been change( 
somewhat, Col. Baldwin having been retired to a seai 
in the -Confederate States Congress. 

Col. M. G. Harman commanded, with Lieut. -Col 
J. H. Skinner and Major Ross as field officers, an( 
Lieut. Lewis, from the Institute [V. M. L^ was Ad 
jutant ; Company A was commanded b\' Capt. Gar 
ber ; Company B by Capt. Long ; Company C b} 
Capt. Dabney ; Company D by Capt. Ayrehart 
Company E by Capt. Wadkins ; Company F by Capt 
Cline,;, Company G by Capt. Bateman ; Company I 
by Capt. Lilly ; Company I by Capt. Humphreys 
and Company K by Capt. "Walton. 

1 could not give the roll of each company in th* 
52nd if I would — but f would if Tcould : for I thinl 
it oiight-to be preserved, and I. liope the names of th( 
g;dirinl boys will yet be saved. 



CHAPTER III. . 

Every- story should have its hero, and as I have nc 
idea tnj'self of posing as such, I can't think it at al 
improper to make, for my central figure in this par) 
of m\' little book which treats of the war, the immor- 
tal "Stonewall" Jackson, whose fortunes as a co^l^ 
marider I am proud to have followed from the day oJ 
McDowell to that of his death. We had not heard 
much of him, apart from the record he made at 
Manassas, until reports of his cra:^j/ battle at Kerns- 
towr^/as it was called, were received; and although 
it was the custom in that war for both sides to mag- 



21 

ufy .their victories and depreciate their defeats, we 
rvere pretty strongly impressed with the belief that 
fackson had been pretty badly worsted at Kernstow'n, 
)y that fighting" Ijishman, Gen. Shields, whom we 
rated always as a gentleman and a soldier ; and w hen 
,ve learned that Jackson was retreating up the Valley 
jefore Banks, our faith was visibly weakened, for we 
cnevv' Milroy was pushing towards our own position 
/vith a much larger force than we could muster. 

Our accounts from Jackson were not all painted in 
)lack, for we learned that he had matched his four 
housand "foot cavalry" against Shields' ten thousand, 
md had fought so fierce and fast that the high- blooded 
Tishman thought Jackson liad two thousand the most 
nen, and we trusted largely in his skill ; and were 
lot totally dissatisfied when he turned up at West 
^iew, as though to cut out some work for " Alle- 
ghany " Johnson's men, wliich, of course, we tho-ught 
innecessary, ail of us being generals, and able to lay' 
)ur plans without his supervision, but he seems to 
lave been arranging matters to suit Gen. Banks, who,- 
ibout this time, telegraphed McClellan that he " had 
breed the Rebel, Jackson, to permanently abandon 
he V^alley and retreat on Gordonsvilie in eastern 
v^irginia." 

This is a verbatim report of Banks' message, and 
ihows that he knew very little about Mr. Jackson, and 
t also show's that Jackson had succeeded— so far as 
he Federal Generals knew — in getting completely lost, 
I thing he took a great deal of interest in doing re- 
peatedly, during the progress of the war ; but Gen. 
Milroy, marching from the west towards Staunton for 
he express purpose of crushing Johnson, found Jack- 



22 

soil it McDowell, in Highland county, with his chap-jti 
iani, Dr. Dabney, holding worship in his camp. 

On May 7th, '62, Gen. Johnson, with his six regi-i 
merits, was ready for the fray, and Jackson's Valley] 
division, formed of the brigades of Taliaferro, Winder] 
and Campbell, with the Lexington Cadets under Gen. I 
F. H. Smith, of the Institute, were on hand to back 
us up with aid and comfort. 

Gen. Johnson, who knew the country almost as 
well as if he had made it, led the advance and drove: 
four regiments of the enemy from Shenandoah moun- 
tatu, capturing their camps, with tents, clothes, arms 
and commissary stores, and placed his men in bivouacs 
on the camp ground of the enemy. He had alread}^-, 
formed his forces into two brigades commanded by 
Cols. Scott and Connor, our boys being under Col. 
Scott. v»ho had the 44th, 53jid and 5Sth Virginia. 

The 52nd took position on Sutlington Hill. When 
rho enemy advanced to the atta-ck we received the full 
assault of their hrst line and repulsed it, thirs giving 
time iov the arrival of the other regiments. The 
enemy, after being driven back, opened on us with 
tliMTir artillery a rapid and incessant fire of case shot 
and shell, but " us boys" laid low among the rocks 
and trees which afforded usam.ple protection, apd also 
tl>e angle of elevation of their guns being so great, 
no 'taniage, except to the timber, resulted from this 
cannonade, and the noise w.as all on the Yankees' 
side, we having no artillery in position. 

About 5 o'clock. Gen. Milroy, having been joined 
by « xen. Schenck, advanced his whole force of 8,000 
men, and the battle roared and raged along the side 
of tiie hill with terrific force, for a long time, but our 



;wo little brigades held them back until Jackson got 
bis flank movement worked out, and then the Federals 
gave way, as a matter of course. In the final closing 
up of the business, just as Taliaferro's brigade reached 
the field, the 52nd, backed up by the loth Va., made 
a charge wJiich drove them headlong down the hill 
nd the battle ended at 8 o'clock p. m. It seemed to 
me we had been at it about a week, but the other boys 
spoke- as though it was a very short half a day. 

The fight had been hotly contested, but Milroy 
made it perfectly clear to all on both sides that he 
v/as no match for Jackson in handling troops in bat- 
tle, notwithstanding his superiority in numbers. 

Our loss was 71 killed and 350 wounded, but we 
could not learn that of the enemy, as they still held 
their main camp and carried away their dead and 
wounded during the battle, with their Well served 
ambulance corps, but we found 103 dead 6n, the 
mountain side next morning ; and during the night 
Milroy set the woods on firq behind him, and retreated 
towards Franklin, whither Gen. Jackson followed the 
next day. 

On the 14th of May, about 3 miles from the town, 
he drew up his little army in a small valley and 
spoke a few words of commendation of their gallantry 
at McDowell, in his short, curt tone, and appointed 
10 o'clock that day as an occasion of prayer and 
thanksgiving for the victory — which was duly ob- 
served — notwithstanding the firing of Milroy's can- 
non-balls over our heads, but many of us, during the 
exercises, prayed with real devotion, by the book, 
*" from battk, murder, and sudden death, good Lord 
deliver us." 



24 

Gen. Jackson stood fnotionless, with bent, bare 
head, and as soon as the meeting was over, marched 
his army back to McDowell, and the next day crossed 
the Shenandoah mountain, halting at Lebanon 
Springs, where he gave his men some much needed 
rest, and an opportunity to observe the day appointed 
by the President for fasting and prayer. 

But I must repeat that I am not attempting a his- 
tory of the war, only trying to follow in a weak, one- 
iegged, halting manner, the boys of the 52nd, in 
doing which I must call to mind the pleasant bivouac 
,in the lovely Mossy Creek valley, with headquarters 
at Major M. G. McCue's house, and Avhere all the 
people were so hospitable and kind to the jaded 
Rebels, and from whence we moved to Mt. Zion 
Church, near Mt, Solon, and 1 had the pleasure of a 
day at my uncle's, Dr. Geo. T. Robson, which place 
I had left one year before, a gay, young volunteer 
marching to the war and very m.uch afraid I was too 
late to get any fighting ; but I confess I was not now 
so very much afraid of missing a battle as 1 had been, 
and I think that year had taken some of the conceit 
out of me. 

However, we could not tarry long in our pleasant 
quarters, for *' Stonewall " was restless, and the 
Federal Generals — Banks, PVemont, Shields, McDow- 
ell and Milroy were either in, or threatening his be- 
loved Valley of Virginia, to surrender which, he 
declared, was to give up Virginia ; and in this cam- 
paign we soon found that events were hurrying fast, 
and we must do likewise or get left ; which recalls to 
mind a true story of Col. William Smith, of the 49th 
Virginia, universally known as "Extra Billy:" 



25 

On one occasion he was endeavoring to get his 
men in marching order as quick as possible, but tliey 
were very dilatory about it, and paid so little atten- 
tion to his oft-repeated command to *' fail in here,. 
men, fall in I say !" as to excite the Colonel's ire,.- 
w^hereupon he testily exclaim.ed, " If you don't fall \i\ 
here right away now, I'll march the regiment off and 
leave every d one of you behind •" 

Our " Stonewall " was no such Irishman as that,, 
for when he marched his army off he was pretty sure 
to take it all along, and at this time, with all the odds 
the fortune of war had arrayed against him, he surely 
needed everj^ man. It is, perhaps, not out of place 
here to attempt a description of the impression 
*' Stonewall " Jackson made upon me and my com- 
rades who had never seen him, until he got lost from 
Mr. Banks and turned up at V^alley Mills near Mc- 
Dowell. I shall not attempt any description of his 
person or appearance, for that has been done so often 
that everybody who reads Southern history at all 
know all about it, but on first view I thought it hardly 
possible that he could be much of a general, and if 
the vernacular of to-day had been in vogue then, I 
think I should have reported that I had seen a "crank," 
and I believe most of the men of the 52d would have 
pronounced the opinion correct; but myreader must 
remember that most of us were still generals ourselves 
to some extent, though we did not consider our gen- 
eralship quite so infallible as we formerly thought^ 
and the killing and wounding of our comrades at Al- 
leghany and McDowell had opened our eyes wonder- 
fully to the probabilities of what might eventually 
grow out of this war if something or somebody didn't 



26 

stop it. Colonel M. G. Harman (Col. of 5 2d Va.) was 
wounded severely in the arm ; John Harman was 
killed and his brother George wounded ; Stoutemoy 
and many otlrers, and Lieut. John Carson, of Com- 
pany D, (the Co. to which I belonged) a gallant sol- 
dier and Christian gentleman, had been killed. But 
memory fails me now, and I cannot record, as my 
heart prompts me to do, the names of the gallant boys 
who fought and fell for the cause they loved so well 
and thought was right. 

When the thought of our noble dead rolls over my 
heart, I love to read the lines of Father Ryan, and 
get comfort from the sentiments so beautifully ex- 
pressed by our charming soldier-poet: 

'Tis o'er, the fearful struggle o'er, 

The bloody contest past, 
And hearts oppressed with anxious care 

Throb peacefully ^t last. 
Those who were spared are with us now, 

Seme are in Iix;avcn, we trust ; 
But though the victory is not ours, 

They're glorious in the dust. 

How many fell whose names and deeds 

Are unrecorded here, 
Save in some lonely, widowed heart, 

Or by the orphan's tear ! 
Yat these were they who swelled the ranks 

Of our brave Southern host. 
And though no stone now marks their graves. 

They're glorious in the dust. 

Long shall we mourn for those whose live*; 

Were offered up in vain ; ' • 

We miss them in our vacant homes. 

Nor can from tears refrain. 
Forever cherished in our hearts. 

Their nameii nor deeds can rust. 
And tho' they sleep beneath the sod. 

They're gloi"ious in ths dust. 



27 

And there ir^naraes we may iu)l- speak, 

But yet to all how dear, 
For them our daiiy prayers ascend, 

May God, in ni ■'::y, hear. 
How have they s'.i Jered, maimed for li^e ! 

Their highest hopes, how crushed i 
But with a manly spirit borne, 

They're glorious iu the dust. 

Bravely we fought and bravely fell, 

Nor gained the victor crown. 
Still we will prove that Southern hearts 

Can sufter and be strong — 
Strong in affection, honor, truth, 

Stroiig in the Christian's trust ; 
'Tis trial brightens faith and licpe, 

We're glo'rious in the dust.* 

If in my power, the names of those who fought 
and fell for the " Lost Cause," should he grav-en ia 
gold^^n letters on a granite monument, to endure as 
time; as a tribute to pure patriotism and unselfish 
devotion to home and native land, in withstanding for 
all those bloody years the assaults of myriads of all 
nations and tongues, marshalled for the desolation of 
our loved Southern land and the subjugation of our 
people. 

The principles for which the Confederate soldier 
fought and died, are today the harmony of this coun- 
try, and so long as those principles were held in abey- 
ance the country was in turmoil and almost ruin. 

The heart is greater than the mind, and it is not 
fair to demand reasons for actions which are above 
reason, and the people of the South, refusing to re- 
ceive the dogmas of fanaticism as gospel, and to sub- 
mit to the tyranny of fanatics, they became Rebels. 
Being such they must be punished, and for resistance 
they died; but their soldier boys died with their 



*' boots on," and smoking guns in their hands. And 
they fought all the odds of overwhelming numbers, 
thoroughly armed and equipped with all the latest 
inventions of warfare ; fought all the host of ills, 
which came from blockaded ports, empty treasury 
vaults, the wails of distress from home, cold, hunger, 
nakedness; fought,, 'wi/koi/l pay, the legions of the 
Northern army, who had regular monthly pay, in 
good money, with big bounties, plenty to eat, and 
abundance of clothing, blankets and tents, and superb 
hospital outfits, with all that sanitary commission 
could suggest for the comfort of sick and wounded ; 
while the Confederate soldier could get no medicine 
when sick; nor, often, when amputation was neces- 
sary, even chloroform to numb the agony caused by 
the knife and saw of the surgeon. The Confederate 
soldier fought against the commerce oi the United 
States, and all the facilities for war which Europe 
could supply, and laid down life for life with hireling 
hosts of Germms, Irish, Italians, English, French, 
Chinese, Japanese, white, black and brown. 



CHAPT:eR IV. 

I had almost forgotten that we are ton the march 
with " Stonewall " Jackson down the ^^alley, and we 
want to keep up, for although the complicated move- 
ments of McClellan on the Peninsula, McDowell in 
front of Washington, Banks in the Valley, Shields 
along the Blue Ridge, and Fremont and Milroy in 
the mountains of Western Virginia, were enough to 



29 

puzzle the brain of the most thorough ma^;ter of the 
art of war in any age, they do not appear to have 
disquieted or embarrassed Jackson in the least. He 
looked right through the cloud of mystery to the 
plain object to be attained, viz., the diversion of re- 
enforcemenls from McClellan's " grand army," and 
he went at the accomplishment of this purpose with 
the mathematical accuracy and resistless force of a 
Corliss engine in motion. Past Harrisonburg ^Ve 
tramped rapidly, and by the 20th had reached New 
Market, on the Valley pike, where the road to Luray 
across the Massanutton — the glory of the Valley — 
leads into* the T^ge valley, and here, for the first time, 
we up-country bo)'s saw General Ashby, whose fame 
as a cavalry leader had reached us so brilliantly, and 
thenceforward the troopers of Ashby hung as an im- 
penetrable veil in front and flank, so perfectly screen- 
ing our movements that Gen. Banks never knew 
where to look for his tormentor— -Jackson — and it is 
doubtful if he yet knew whether or not this " rebel " 
was still at Gordonsville, in eastern Virginia. ^ 

We took the right-hand road at New Market, and 
at night united with Gen. Ewell's division, which had 
come down the river from Swift Run Gap. 

On the afternoon of the next day — 23d May, 1862, 
when we had passed Luray a long distance — a funny 
incident occurred, which, perhaps, Gen. Jackson may 
have been expecting. The column was marching 
along at a swinging gait-rgetting over ground pretty 
lively — when a young and rather good-looking wo- 
man rushed out of the woods, so agitated and out of 
breath that she could scarcely speak, but coming up 
to the General, who had turned to meet her, she soon 



30 

began to talk with great volubility. We, of course, 
could not hear what she \vsls saying, nor could we 
even conjecture th^ import of her mission, but it was 
subsequently made known that this was the famous 
woman spy and scout, Belle Boyd, and the informa- 
tion she detailed right there to Gen. Jackson with the 
precision^of a staff officer, v/as to the effect that Front 
Royal was just beyond the woods, a short distance 
ahead ; that the town was full of Federal troops ; that 
their camp was on the west side of the river, where 
they had cannon in position to cover the v/agon 
bridge, but non^to protect the railroad bridge below ; 
that the Yankees believed Jackson's army was west 
of the Massanutton near Harrisonburg, and knew 
nothing of the movement of Ewell's division ; that 
Banks had moved his headquarters to Winchester, 
twenty miles northwest of Front Royal, and was 
looking for the Rebels to advance by the Valley pike, 
and when they did he intended to strike their flank 
and rear with his Front Royal detachment, all of 
which was absolutely true, but it was known to Gen. 
Jackson the night we left New Market and only 
needed Belle Boyd to confirm it ; and when the "foot 
cavalry" got knowledge of this matter, as they did 
in few days, their opinion of their leader changed, 
and blind, awkward and queer as he seemed they 
knew he was anything but a crank. 

The movement to Front Royal was nearly to a 
focus now, and Gen. "Dick" Taylor started his 
Louisiana brigrade — a *'daisy"she was, too — at a 
double, closely followed by the whole force, and pretty 
soon we broke cover down a steep by-path into the 
Gooney Manor road, not half a mile from town. 



31 

Some cavalry was first encountered, but almost in- 
stantly brushed away, and our cavalry, making a 
sweep, captured and brought out many prisoners. 

The Louisianians, led by the gallant General, went 
at the railroad bridge, and then came Col. Bradley T. 
Johnson, with his regiment, the 1st Maryland, in a 
fair, square attack straight into Col. Kenly's 1st 
Maryland, of Banks' army, when ''Greek literally 
met Greek," and the tug of war was desperate. 
Generals Jackson and Ewell galloped along the fields 
like knights of the olden time, cheering on their men ; 
the ''Tigers," of Major Wheat, and the Louisiana 
boys "waded in" yelling, firing, fighting; while the 
Virginians joined in the chorus, the 52nd well up and 
doing her duty equal to any on the field, and no man,.' 
woman or child, all the way from Luray, knew we 
were coming until we had passed, except Belle Boyd. 

I wish I could give a description of the battle of 
Front Royal, with all the preceding incidents and 
operations, showing the inspiration by which Gen. 
Jackson planned and brought through to complete 
success his audacious movement right into the camps 
of the enemy which surrounded him, and I have 
always believed it was a piece of one of the sublimest 
pictures of strategy ever performed in war. 

The enemy was pretty soon driven across the river^ 
and tried hard to destroy the bridge, but the pressure 
in the rear was too great to give them time, and 
moreover Ashby, with part of his cavalry, had crossed 
above, cut the railroad and telegraph wires to Stras- 
burg, and prevented any help coming to the enemy 
from that point, while at Buckton he drove them from 
the strong position in the railroad cut and captured 



32 

a train of cars. Other portions of the cavalry over- 
took the retreating Federals at Cedarville, and some 
companies of the 6th Va. cavalry, led by Capt. G rims- 
ley, of Culpeper, in two gallant charges, broke them i 
up completely, but many good men of the cavalry 
v/ere killed — among them Capt. Baxter, Co. K. 6th 
Va., and Captains Sheets and Fletcher of the Ashby 
Legion. 

There was considerable jealousy on the part 
of the infantry against the cavalry, the "foot- 
pads" thinking the riders had the easiest time, and 
seldom omitted an opportunity to make game of them, 
especially when the cavalry would be passing them 
on a march, and the old chaff of " Come down out o* 
that hat, know you're thar ; see your legs a hangin' 
down !" "Git from behin' them boots ! needn't say 
you aint thar ; see your ears a workin' !" will be re- 
membered while any of the old soldiers live. But I 
think the cutest thing I ever heard was by an old in- 
fantry man, on the Valley pike, in '63. He was rest- 
ing, his arms crossed on the muzzle of his musket, 
when a dashing-looking cavalry man, wearing con- 
sjderable gold lace and feathers, rode up. The 
infantryman eyed him quizzically, for a few minutes, 
and then accosted him with, " Say, Mister, did you 
ever see a dead Yankee ?" and paused to enjoy the 
contemptuously dignified, silent stare of the cavalier. 
The old knapsack-toter then continued : " Cause if 
you didn't, and you'll go along with us for about an 
hour we'll show you one." This failing to elicit any 
response, he began again, in a very reassuring tone : 
"You needn't not be afeered, Mister, 'cause there 
hain't none of our cavalry got killed yet, and I hain't 



33 

never heered of but one of 'em gittin' hurt, and he 
was kicked while he was a currying of his creeter." 
Of course there was a yell, as the "wore out" cavalry- 
man rode off as lively as he could, and the footman 
set his trap for the next one. 

We boys didn't make so much sport of the cavalry 
after Front Royal, and it was no uncommon sight to 
see a dead man v/ith spurs on during the Valley cam- 
paign. The artillery, too, under the famous comman- 
ders, Poague, Chew, Courtney, Carpenter, Lattimer, 
Caskie, Raines, Luck, Miller, Cutshaw, Wooding, and 
others, did splendid service. 

I do not think I ever saw a list of the regiments 
in Jackson's army, and believing it will interest the 
reader will endeavor to give, from memory and read- 
ing, what I believe to be a correct statement of them : 

From Virginia there were the 2d, 4th, 5th, loth, 
i3Lh, 21st, 23d, 25ih, 27th, 31st, 33d, 3;th, 42d, 44th, 
48th, 5 2d, and 58th regiments, and the 1st (Irish) 
battalion, infantry. 

From Louisiana, the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th regiments, 
and Major Wheat's "Tiger" battalion, infantry. 

From Georgia,the 12th and 21st regiments, infantry. 

From North Carolina, the 21st regmient, infantry. 

From Alabama, the 15th regiment, infantr}/. 

From Mississippi, the i6th regiment, infantry. 

From Maryland, the ist regiment, infantry. 

The cavalry of Gen. Ashby v/as the 7th and 12th 
regiments, and the 17th battalion, Virginia, and the 
brigade which came over with Gen. Ewell was the 
2d and 6th Virginia, with one company, under Ewell's 
special orders, commanded by Capt. E. V. White, 
from Loudoun county, Va. — making 2"] regiments and 



34 

2 battalions of infantry, 4 regiments and i battalion 
of cavalry, and, I think, 11 batteries, of about 44 I 
guns altogether. 

Of course I am rambling, moving along the route 
towards the point where I became a "one-legged 
•Rebel," and I got there soon enough, but it took me 
by Winchester on Sunday morning, May 25th, 1862, 
"vrhere I helped all I could to crush the life out of 
Gen. Banks' army, and such a glorious welcome as 
met us from the warm-hearted people of that famous 
old town. There w^as some fighting in the streets, 
but the happy inhabitants wouldn't stay indoors, not 
even the women and babies ; but, almost frantic with 
delight, they with one breath blessed us for coming, 
and the next blam;ed us for letting so many Yankees 
get away. They evidently expected impossible things 
from "Stonewall's" men, such as catching crow\s on 
the wing, or the "vv^ild gazelle on Judah's hills," either 
of which was as possible for us as to overtake Gen. 
iBanks's runaways. 

The singularly brilliant idea of Gen. Geo. H. Stuart, 
who coromanded the little cavalry brigade, composed 
of the 2d and 6th regim.cnts, that inasmuch as he 
belonged to Ewell's division he was not subject to 
Gen. Jackson's immediate command, permitted many 
of the enemy to make their escape, and the v/hole 
cavalry force was so scattered as not to be available 
for pursuit of the flying Federals, at the proper mo- 
men-t, which was unfortunate for us, but we told the 
Winchester folks that we had done our best, and they 
showed their appreciation of our, .efforts by standing- 
on the ."streets with quantities of good things to eat, 
whidi they pressed upon the eagerly moving soldiers, 



35 

a.«.d here allow me to say, from personal experience, 
that it was perfectly safe, under any circumstances, to 
force nice, roast beef, ham, biscuit, pies, cakes, pickles 
and the like upon any marching column of Confeder- 
ate soldiers, whether they were pursuing a routed 
eaemy or fighting him in the streets of a town, and 
no person who did it was ever hurt. 

We had done the best we could for Mr. Banks, and 
were pretty well pleased with ourselves once more,, 
so that the old spirit of "generalship" again spread 
its manlle over each soldier in the line, and he knew 
exactly how to manage the campaign thenceforward 
notwithstanding our ideas had not been strictly fol- 
lowed by Gen. Jackson in the opening of It, but we 
did not fully agree as to preliminaries now, some of 
us being strongly in favor of taking immediate march 
to Harrisburg, Pa., and operating from that point as 
a base, while many thought we should make an in- 
stant attack on Washington city itself, and thereby 
draw Gen. McClellan out of his intrenched lines on 
the Chickaliominy, thereby giving Gen. Jolmston the 
•pporlunity he Vv'as .looking for to ruin him' as, we 
had done the armies opposed to us. 

We knew Vv^e were going to hold the Valley anyhow, 
fo«r of course the war was almost over now — and how 
we did pity the felloAvs at home, youngsters and the 
like, who wouldn't get any experience in camping, 
marching and fighting, nor any share of the -glory 
that radiated around and aJl about "Stonewall" Jack- 
son's men. 

We had nearly made up our minds to elect "S.tone- 
wall" President of the Confederate States at th^ next 
election, although Beaurcoard was still the soldiers* 



36 

idol, and, as yet, vv'e hiid heard very little of " Marse 
Robert," for Seven Pines had not been fought, and 
"Joe Johnston," the "great retreater," was still fall- 
ing back somewhere about the Peninsula. But zve 
were not falling back — were not of that kind ! Come 
to stay we had, and, like Alexander, were sedulously 
looking out for other armies to conquer. So it 
passed, and we trotted a.bout to hurry Banks' demor- 
alized legions over the border, and swelling with 
pride in o?ir generalship. 

While the f!:_;hting at Winchester was in progress 
one of the staff suggested to Gen. Jackson that he was 
exposing himself too much, and the answer was, 
"Tell the troops to push right on to the Potomac," 
and this became a kind of Watchword with us; but 
Gen. Banks got there first, and promptly reported to 
his government that "he had accomplished a pre- 
meditated march of nearly sixty miles, in the face of 
the enemy, defeating his plans and giving him battle 
wherever found ;" that- he "had not suffered an attack 
or rout," but he naively added that "it is seldom a 
river-crossing of such magnitude is achieved with 
greater success, and there were never more grateful 
hearts in the same number of men than when, on the 
26th, we stood on the opposite shore." These quo- 
tations are taken verbatim, by John Esten Cooke, from 
the records in the War Department at Washington, 
and if, after reading them, anybody has anything to 
say, I give them liberty to say it. It may be that 
"Stonevv'all" had some idea of making a "premedi- 
tated march" himself, but if so he said nothing to "us 
generals" about it; but we noticed that he took the 
unnecessary precaution- — as we thought — to start Col. 



37 

Cunningham with his regiment, the 2 1st Va., np the 
pike from Winchester, as quick as he could get the 
stuff together, with 3,000 prisoners, lOO cattle, and a 
great train of wagons loaded with 34,000 pounds of 
bacon, with flour, salt, bread, coffee, sugar, cheese, 
&c., in proportion, and ^125,185.00 worth of commis- 
sary stores, ^25,000 worth of sutler's goods, an im- 
mense quantity of medical and hospital supplies, and 
9,354 sm.all arms, with two pieces of artillery and a 
great many cavalry horses and equipments. All 
such goods as this, though rated on the quat'termas- 
ter's inventory at actual cash value, had been bought 
and paid for in another currency, more precious to 
many than greenbacks, gold or silver, and we go to 
another ledger to learn thai price, as shown by the 
list of killed and wounded. 

On this advance r^ovement down the Valley every 
man was pressing to the front with a vim and enthu- 
siasm which gave the enemy no rallying point or 
time to prepare a line of defence, and Gen. Jackson 
said that "the battles of Front Royal and Winchester 
had been fought without a straggler." 

Our loss was 68 killed, 327 wounded" and three 
missing, but I do not know that of the enemy. We 
paroled 700 of their v/ounded and left them at Win- 
chester in their own hospitals, but I will not attempt 
any calculation of their loss from, that data. The let- 
ter of a Northern correspondent at the tim.e s5.ys : 
'*Banks lost over two million dollars in property," 
and we know that Col. Connor, who was left by Jack- 
son with one regiment at Front Royal, destroyed 
nearly ;^300,ooo worth of property at that place when 
he was driven from there by McDowell in advance. 



38 

Tlie Philistines had broken up the political Samson 
but he "hadn't suffered defeat," so he told the secre-] 
tary of war. I hope my readers will pardon my ap- 
parent exultation in passing over tliis part of t-ie road, 
because I can't help being proud of the deeds my 
comrades did, and when I get to campaigning in) 
memory's fklds with "Stonewall the Gre^t," my 
pulse!> quicken like a race-horse. 

I don't mean any disrespect to an3'hody — butt 
am a little like the old "grayback" who, after the 
surrender, went to the provost m.arshal, at Charlottes- 
ville, to be paroled. After taking all the oaths re- 
quired of him, he asked the provost if he wasn't alUl 
right. "Yes," said the Captain, "you are." "Good! 
a Union man as anybody, ain't I." "Yes," replied! 
the Captain, "you are in the Union now as a loyall 
citizen, and can go ahead all right." "Well, then,'' 
said the old sinner, "didn't 'Stonewall' use to give] 
2/s h — 1 in tlie Valley." You see he was one of 
"Stonewall's foot cavalry," and couldn't help beingj 
proud of it. 

But I must return to the army of generals who 
were going to hold the Valley. We did hold it until 
the 30th of May, down at the bottom end of it — 
Charleston, Bunker Hill and vicinity — but a courier 
canae. to Gen. Jackson, and among other curious mat- 
ters, related that Col. Connor's force at Front Royal 
had been captured by Gen. Shields, who v.'as advan- 
cing by that route , that the "gieat pathfinder," Fre- 
mont, was moving from the west, both aiming to 
unite at Strasburg v/ith a combined force of nearly- 
forty thousand, which was interesting if true, and 
mosf of it proved true, for Jackson had v^nly fifteen 



39 

thousand effective men — all generals, however — and 
under the circumstances each general unanimously- 
resolved to withdraw from the lower end of the Val- 
ley, if he could, and abandon for the present any fur- 
ther demonstrations on Harrisburg and Washington, 
thereby relieving those threatened points from the 
pressure wliich we had nearly resolved to bring upon 
them. In fact, the pressure appeared to have been, 
for the moment, applied in a totally different, and, to 
us generals, a very unexpected locality, for we had 
not had time in those four days' stay to familiarize 
ourselves with the capacity and resources of that part 
of the country. We managed to "hit the road" 
brisk enough to become familiar with tJiat though, so 
much so that the last of us made fifty miles, walked 
too, from late in the afternoon of the 30th to the 
night of the 31st, which put us at Strasburg. 



CHAlPTER v. 

On Sunday morning, June ist, 1862, we walked out 
on the Wardonsville road and held service with Gen. 
Fremont's advance, which we checked, and finally 
drove his people back so far as to give us wagon 
room and let all our trains get safely past this dan- 
gerous point. 

We fully expected Gen. Shields to take part in the 
exercises, which v/ould have rendered then much 
more interesting to us, and knowing him to have been 
at Front Royal we knew it would be comparatively 
«asy for him to d^o, but his failure to appear satisfied- 



40 

us that he had taken the Page Valley route, and now 
we were in for a race to New Market Gap. It is re- 
lated, on good authority, that " once upon a time " a 
traveller found a boy, with hoe and crowbar, hard at 
work digging under a big rock, and inquired what he 
was after. "Ground-hog under here," was the sen- 
tentious reply. "Do yo« expect to get him out ?" 
asked the traveller. ''Expect to get Jiini !'' said the 
boy — ''got to get him; preacher be at our house to- 
day, and we're out of meat." 

It was a "ground-hog case" now with "Stonewall," 
for this fourteen-mile wagon train carried the visible 
fruits of our victory over Banks, and we ''got to 
get" to New Market Gap ahead of ^Shields or he'd 
cut our train off. We did get there, but it was a busy 
job, especially for Ashby and the rear guard, and the 
light batteries and sharpshooters kept up one con- 
tinual roar all the way — day and night — as they con- 
tested, mile by mile, the advance of Fremont's column, 
which had taken the road in our rear v^dienwe left 
Strasburg. I don't believe he could have saved his 
train from us, if the conditions had been reversed, 
and Fremont had been conducting the retreat, with 
Jackson leading the advance, which brings up another 
pretty good war anecdote ; whether true or not, makes 
no difterence so far as the illustration is concerned : 

During the long and bloody battle of Cold Harbour, 
between Grant and Lee, in '64, a Yankee soldier went 
to his Captain for a pass to army headquarters, saying 
he had a plan for ending the war, which he knew 
would work if he could get the authorities to adopt 
it, but he positively refused to communicate it to any 
"but the commanding general. The Captain gave him 






41 

tlie pass, n.nd after considerable difilculty in keeping; 
his secret, passed reginieiltal, bri[^ ''Jc, division and 
corps commanders, the soldier reached Grant's head- 
quarters — and returned. His Captain observed that 
he seemed very much depressed in spirit, and promptly 
interviewed him as to the result of his mission, and 
by coaxing got a report. He said the General was 
al3sent when he reached headquarters, but the stafT 
was so urgent, and made him believe that it v/as his. 
duty to inunediately give such important informatiort 
to the chief that he did'so. Here he stopped, but the 
Captain insisted upon knowing what occurred, and 
finally the man said : "Well, Captain, they don't 
want the war to stop nohov/, for as soon as I told 
them my plan they kicked me out of the tent and. 
kept it up for fifty 3/ards, clear down to the woods ; 
and I canit aw ay.'' 

"Now, then," said the Captain, "What was the 
plan you proposed ?" 

"Well, Sir," replied the soldier, "I told them to 
let Grant and Lee swap armies and the war would 
end in three weeks." 

Whea we got to Woodstock we had to stop and 
give Fremont a lesson, but after passing Mt. Jackson 
and destroying the bridge over the Shenandoah, we 
knew we were clear — for the fluttering signals on the 
Massanutton told us that our cavalry had destroyed 
the White House bridge on the Luray road, and 
stopped Shields;, so now "Stonewall" "like a wary' 
lion," as Cooke puts it, slowly dragged his spoils ta 
his lair, and although the enemy v/as up with us again 
we knew our trains were safe. At New Market we 
got the news of the battle at Seven Pines ; the wound- 



42 I 

ing of Gen. Johnson, and the assignment of Gen. R..! 
E, Lee to the command of the Army of Northern i 
Virginia. The war had begun f 

We had another brush with Fremont, near Harri- 
sonburg, on the 5th June, in which General Ashby 
was killed, v/hich cast a gloom over the whole army,,! 
aR§ was felt to be an irreparable calamity by every 
paafi in it. Our division, under Gen. Ev/ell, halted at-l 
Cross Keys, on the 7th, and made arrangements for 
battle. In the old times there had stood, at the inter-; 
sfiction of several roads, an old-fashioned tavern,, 
npon the swinging sign of which v/as painted two 
keys crossed, fi'om which the name was derived ; and 
now it was to be made famous by Ewell's fighting 
division, and given an enduring name on the page of( 
history. 

On Sunday, June 8th, 1862, we v/ere ready again^ 
for our usual Sabbath exercises, and Fremont was oni' 
liand with his congregation. The 5 2d regiment ^ott 
a fair share of business in this engagement, and lost^ 
a good many men. Major Ross was among i\%i 
wounded, so was Lieut. Samuel Paul, of Company D, 
ii^hose leg was shivered by a shell, v/ithin five steps 
of me, which caused amputation. He has since beeni 
treasurer of Augusta county, and I have often thought 
1 would like to be treasurer of something myself — 
but all the one-legged Rebels can't get their living 
the sam.e way, and Lieut. Paul — gallant soldier and 
good officer as he v/as — was equally as good a citizen, 
and deserves all the sviccess he achieved. Lieut. King, 
of Company B, was ki-lled here, and v/e were quite 
willing for Fremont's men to retire when they had 
got as much they wanted. 



43 

Our brigade was commantled' in tins battle by 
Gen. George H. Stuart, and was posted on the left 
centre of Ewell's line, sustaining and repulsing four 
distinct charges, each made by fresli troops ; but they 
were mostly Dwtch, and we fought them to the beat 
a-dvantage, behind trees, which Gen. Ewell's judicious 
selection of the ground gave us. 

Fremont's Dutchmen wyce no match for the "foot- 
cavalry," and although Gen. Ev/ell himself says he 
kad less thaii five thousand muskets, and Fremont's 
order of m.arch, v/hich was taken from an aid of Gen. 
Blenker killed by one o^ Trimble's men, showed six 
brigades, commanded by Blenker, Milroy, Stahel 
Steinwerh, and one other, of infantry, with one bri- 
gade of cavalry, numbering in all about twenty thou- 
sand, yet their dread of Jackson caused them to give 
way under slight pressure, especially when Gen. 
Trimble struck them in flank. 

General Forrest, the famous cavalry commander of 
Tennessee, v/as once asked a question as to the cause 
of his almost constant success in his cavalry opera- 
tions, when other commanders so frequently failed, 
and his aiisvv'er was : "Well, I got thar first, with the 
most m.en ;" and that in a sentence, gives the key to 
Jackson's generalship, if you add to it the Cromwel- 
lian motto, "Trust in the Lord, and keep your 
powder dry." Wc left the battle-ground of Cross 
Keys at midnight, and took the road to Port Repub- 
lie, v/here Jackson, with his division, had been hold- 
ing Shields in check ; but the gallant Irishman waa 
now coming on again in such force as to m.ake a con- 
centration of our forces necessary. Gen. Fremont 
reported his total loss at Cross Keys fight as two 



44 

thousand, while Gen. Ewell's official report of our| 
lo^s was three hundred killed, wounded, and missing;, 
a very encouraging affair to Ewell's boys, who held 
the battle-ground, and equally discouraging to Fre- 
mont's who were forced to retreat. 

The village of Port Republic lies in the angle madei 
by the junction of the North and South rivers, whichi 
here form the south fork of the Shenandoah, along, 
the east side of which Gen. Shields was moving. Th.e. 
Cross Keys road crosses the North river by a good! 
bridge, into the town, and another road runs north- 
east from the town, by a ford in the South river, and' 
down the south fork, by Conrad's store, to Luray. A; 
third crosses at the same ford and running southeast,, 
through Brown's Gap, in the Blue Ridge, leads to 
Charlottesville. I don't think it any harm to give 
this much geography, even if all my readers should^ 
also be posted in the big histories, but I am satisfied' 
that many will read this who never saw any of the 
aforesaid big histories ; and tliey will thus be better; 
able to coniprehend the successful performance of all 
the points of Jackson's magnificient strategy. 

The position then was, Fremont at Harrisonburg,, 
Shields at Conrad's Store — between which all the 
bridges were destroyed — and Jackson at Port Repub- 
lic, forming a triangle, with sides fifteen miles long. 
Behind Jackson was the road tlirough Brown's Gap, 
clear and open, so that he could fight them separately 
Df fall back to Charlottesville and Richmond, and his 
operations up to this time had caused the troops of 
McDowell, Fremont and Shields to be withheld from 
McCellan, and at the. same time put his own army 
within easy reach of Richmond should Gen. Lee de- 
sire his assistance. 



45 

Fremont with his 18,000, and Shields with his 
15,000, would have been too much odds for Jackson's 
12,000, to which he had been reduced since leaving 
Winchester ; and he had no idea of permitting them 
to double on him, but he had got Fremont whipped 
by Ewell so easily, at Cross Keys, that he determined 
to double his ovv'n team and give Shields a trial. 
"Stonewall" was a thorough and consistent Christian, 
so far as I knov/, and was reported to do a great deal 
of praying, but he certainly did practice a great deal 
of deception on these two estimable gentlemen right 
here. We crossed the bridge over the North river 
early in the morning of June 9th, '62, and set it on 
fire as soon as everything was over— thus preventing 
Gen. Fremont from coming to Shields' assistance — 
but the ford of South river, owing to recent rains, 
was too deep for us, and we made a bridge of wagons 
and planks to get over on. Jackson's men were 
already engaged with the enemy and needed Ewell's 
assistance right away, and here was illustrated the 
influence of trifles on important events. 

We could see the "Stonewall brigade" and Colonel 
Harry Hays' "gallant 7th Louisiana, with the splendid 
batteries of Poague and Carpenter hotly fighting, but 
heavily overmatched, and we Vv^ere hurrying as fast as 
we could to their assistance when a plank in our 
wagon-bridge slipped out, almost breaking up our 
means of crossing, and did delay us considerably, so 
much so that by the time v/e got over, formed our 
line and commenced our advance upon the enemy, we 
met Gen. Winder's troops retiring in confusion. 

The 44th and 58th Va., by Gen. Ewell's directions, 
made a hot attack on the enemy's flank, but could 



46 1 

not hold him long, and the whole line fell back to a; 
piece of woods, losing one of Poague's 6-pounders 
and a good many m^n. Gen. Shields put a spleadid: 
6-gun battery in a magnificient position to sweep the 
field, and I don't think he had an imported Dutchman 
in his army. They were all Western fellows, and 
stuck to their ground as if they belonged there, andi 
it is my candid opinion tliat they were descendants^ 
of folks who had, years before, em.igrated to the grofit 
West, from the Shenandoah Valley. Our advance, 
under Gen. Elzy, was through a fine field of wheat 
bordering on the river bottom, chin high, and theiri 
minnie balls clipped the grain worse than reapers. It; 
was a very bad job of harvesting, the boys said — a 
harvest of death it proved — and much as we tried to 
make it short, the time dragged slowly enough, until 
it did seem that Shields was fully a match for "Stone- 
wall" Jackson. 

The two commanders manceuvered their men under 
fire, just as the old-time warriors used to do before 
long range v/eapons came into use, but still that ter- 
rible 6-gun -battery held the key of the battle, and 
when Gen. Taylor rode up, Jackson turned to him 
and said : " Can you take that battery ? — it must be 
taken !" 

Taylor's answer was to gallop back to his brigade, 
apd pointing with his sword to the enemy's guns, 
called out, in a voice like a bugle-blast, for thrilling' 
wildness, "Louisianians, can you take that battery?" 
They answered, with a yet wilder thrill, "We're the 
boys can do that, General. You can bet on your 
boys !" and the gallant soii of " Old Rougli and 
Ready" led. them forward. 



47 

Three times the Louisiana brigade drove the enemy 
ixack and captured the guns, but v/ere as often re- 
Dulseid, in turn, b}^ the splendid soldiers of Shields. 
Taylor turned savagely for another trial, and Jackson 
seeing that Shields was heavily reenforcing his left to 
protect the battery, brought all he could to his ow^n 
left, and as the Louisiana boys made thir last assault 
ya the guns, threw all he had on Shields' right, 
breaking it all up, and at the same time Taylor took 
those dreadful guns, again turned them on the enemy^ 
md the victory was Vv'on ; but, as Cowan said to the 
devil — ** 'twas claw for claw," and we had fought as 
6ne a body of troops as there was on the Coniinsnt^ 
fully justifying the assurances of the 6th Louisiana^ — 
B.n L-ish regiment — who said, when Fremont v/as- 
beaten the 6n.y before, "This isn't much, but look 
out for tomorrovv, for Shields' boys will be after 
fighting." The .battle of Port Republic was one of 
the most sanguinary of the war, and we lost nearly a 
thousand men killed and wounded. I do not know 
the loss of the enemy in killed and wounded, but we 
captured 7 pieces of artillery with limbers and cais- 
sons, 975 prisoners, and more than 1000 small arms. 
One of the prisoners said to us—-" You fired over a«r 
heads at Winchester, but you fired under them here.'^ 

Gen. Shields retired to Conrad's Store, but he was 
never routed, and stopped wheii Jackson did. He 
was badly crippled though, and Kernstown was 
atojied for, and the "Great Pathfinder," PVetiiont, was 
no longer able to act offensively in the Valley — ex- 
cept towards the citizens — but in this he was far 
superior in magnanimity to Milroy and othe^'*. 
General Shields was a favorite with the people am.oH^ 
whom he operated, and treated them with considera- 



48 

tion and kindness, but he was a terror wlien it cameiifit 
to fighting. |e' 

And now was accomplished the full purpose oljie 
'^'Stonewall's" strategy, for it was fully guaranteedjio 
that not another soldier could be spared from the de-im 
■fences ot Washington to assist McClellan in thepf 
Chickahominy, because of the unknown motions ol|a 
the man who could disappear and reappear so sud-im 
denly and unexpectedly, and while making such au-iir 
dacious marches right into the jaws of his powerfuIIM 
enemies, deliver such fearful blows and get out whole.ifo 

The very uncertainty and mystery which hungji 
around him was v/orth an army, for it kept an army.jqi 
=of the enemy unemployed while vxaiti ng fur Jackson^si 
to develop liis plan. 



CHAPTER VI. 



After Port Republic we enjoyed ourselves in ourfl 
pleasant June camps about Mount Meridian, and be- 
gan our planning and generalship again. Tjiere 
hadn't been quite so much of that among us since we 
left Strasburg, for the situation appeared to be mixed 
to such an extent that for some time each individual 
general had nearly decided that it would be as mucli 
as the bargain to get^his own individual baggage out 
safe, but now we had shaken off the dogs of war 
which had howled at our heels and gnashed at our 
flanks like blood-hounds hunting the lion, and being 
free again were ready for a new campaign. 

I think it best, from this time forward, to deal less ;: 
in general history, if I can, so long as the war lasts, 



49 

lend give my readers more of the incidents that clus-' 

red around the life of the soldier — but I couldn't 

)f elp talking as I did about the Valley campaign ; and 

ow ** Stonewall" was our liero and idol. His old, 

mbling sorrel, was, in our eyes, a war charger worthy 

f a Coeur de Lion ; and his dingy coat and mangy 

ap were glorified. "VVe didn't make gam^e of him any 

aore, but one irreverent fellow started, as a conun- 

rum, *'Why.is Gen. Jackson a better leader than 

»loses was ?" answering—" Because it took Moses 

orty years to march the children of Israel through 

he Wilderness, and Jackson would have double- 

juicked them through in three days." The army had 

;uffered all the usual trials of military life — and 

leath too — in time of Vv'ar, and the men had been 

lurried by day and night ; in storm and sunshine ; in 

lunger and cold ; on picket and camp guard ; in the 

vhistling tempest of lead, and the howling, demon 

ihriek of shell ; in the mangling of comrades, and 

he hasty burial of our dead on the field where they 

ell — and yet so wonderfully recuperative is the mind 

)f man, that as soon as the pressure of adverse cir- 

:umstances is removed, he lights his candle at the 

)urning torch of hope and leaves the past all behind 

lim. Just so did we, the men and boys, who had 

bllowed ** Stonewall" through this trying campaign, 

ome out bright and- fresh, ready to follow again 

vherever the s-tar of his destiny might lead — for we 

vanted to follow that destiny wherever it might be. 

The brigade to which my regiment was attached 

vas cornposed of the 13th Virginia regiment, made 

jp of companies from the counties of Culpeper, 

Louisa, Orange, Frederick and Hampshire, and waa 



50 

commanded, during the war, by Colonels A. P. Hill, 
]. A. Walker and TerrelL The 31st Virginia, froe i 
Upshur, Randolph, Gilmer, Barbour and Highlanoj 
under Col. Hoffman. The 49th Virginia, from Rappaje 
hannock, Prince William, P'auquier, Nelson anc 
Amherst, under Colonels Smith, (extra) and Gibsoq 
And the 52nd Virginia — my own old "daisy" regi 
ment — was from Augusta, Rockbridge and Bath, an« 
had for Colonels, during the war, Baldwin, Harmarij,f 
Watkins and Lilley. Our brigadiers were Edwar 
Johnson, Elzey, Early, Pegram and Hoffman. 

These were all gallant soldiers and good officerji, 
whose names have gone into history gloriously, bu 
" us boys " made the wreaths of fame that boujid thei 
brows, and we are proud that they wore them worthiljj 

A. P. Hill reached the rank of Lieut.-General, an 
was killed near Petersburg, by a straggler, just aij^ 
the star of peace was breaking through the cloud 
Terrell and Watkins were both killed, so was Board 
and Hoffman, now a judge in West Virginia, lost 
foot ; but the old hero, Lieut.-General J. A. Earlyv 
more thoroughly ,lied on than any, and with mori 
ability than all his traducers combined, is still amoni 
us ; while Gibson, of Culpeper, is one of the mos 
prominent lawyers of Middle Virginia, and may ye 
be Governor, carries on his person the scars of te 
wounds received in battle. It used to appear ver 
much as if fate, and not accident, had control of th 
bullets in battle, for some men went bravely throug 
battle after battle with never a scratch to show for ii 
and were finally killed in some insignificant littl 
skirmish, where not a dozen shots were fired ; an- 
then again there were men who would be wounded i: 



5^^ 

ery battle if they came in cannon shot of the field. 

'know one instance where as good a soldier as fought 

I the Southern army got hit with a ball every time 

s went into a fight, but not one serious wound among 

lem, and his brother, in the same company, equally 

? good a soldier, who never missed a .battle, went 

ifely through the war with only one wound. 

' Some soldiers seemed to move in a charmed circle 

f safety, while others appeared to be bright particu- 

*r objects of special favoritism when wounds were 

be distributed, and in the latter part of the war the 
tidier was thought by his comrades to be especially 
icky when he got -3. fiirloiigh v/ound — one that didn't 
uite kill, but allowed him to stay at home while" it 
as healing. 

We remained in the A^alley long enough to get 
^sted up good, and then moved through Brown's 
ap, and " on to Richmond," for the new general of 
le army there was tired of McClellan's parallels, re- 
oubts, salients and other engineering schemes on 
le Chickahominy, and desired to put a *' Stonewall ** 

ross the road. 

I remember picking up a Richmond paper about 
lis time which contained a letter from a young lady 
1 the country to her friend in the city, inviting her 

pay a visit, and the ingenious working in of the 
ames of our Generals interested me so much that I 
tained it in memory. The letter ran thus — 

" Come, leave the noisy longstreet. 

And come to 'Cti^ fields ^\.\\^ me, 
Trip o'er the heath with flying feet, 

And skip along the lea. 
There swell find the flowers that be 

Along X\i^ stonewall ^W\\^ 



52 

And pluck the buds of fiowering pea 

That bloom on "appy hill. 
Across our rodes the /"f'rr^o/ boughs 

A stately archwzrj form, 
Where sadly pipes the early bird 

Which failed to catch the worm." 

Do for a school- girl pretty. well I thought. 

Coming out of the mountain pass we- entered Albe 
marie county just when the cherries were ripe, an 
there were oceans of them, too. We got all we coull 
of them, but time was too precious to waste in gath 
ering cherries, for this march was to be made withou 
the knowledge of. the enemy, and in order to do thi 
the soldiers were forbidden to tell the citizens wha 
commands they belonged to, and were instructed t' 
answer all questions in regard to the army with — " 
don't know." 

The people all kept open house in Albemarle, an« 
the "foot cavalry" enjoyed many a good, squan 
meal among them. We sang the song of " Old Vir; 
ginny Never Tire," and were very proud of our ol* 
State when the Alabama and Mississippi boys praisec 
our people for thelp kindness and hospitality. 

Gen. "Dick" Taylor tells of a breakfast he hai 
with some old friends and relatives of his father i: 
Orange county, on this march, which I think of suffi 
cient interest to repeat in his own language : 

a vr -}(• ->r xhat night we camped between Charlottes 
ville and Gordonsvilie, in Orange county, the birth 
place of my fathe^. A distant kinsman, whom I ha< 
never met, came to invite me to his house in th 
neighborhood. Learning that I aiv/ays. slept ii 
camp, he seemed so much distressed as to get m^ 
consent to breakfast with him if he would engage tt 



53 

have breakfast at the barbarous hour of sunrise. His. 
home was a little distant from the road, so the follow- 
ing morning he sent a mounted groom to show the 
way. My aide, j^oung Hami-lton, accompanied me,, 
and Tom followed, of course. It was a fine old man- 
sion, surrounded by Vv^ell-kept grounds. This imra.e- 
diate region had not yet been touched by war. Flow- 
ering plants and rose trees, in full bloom, attested the 

Inglorious wealth of June. On the broad portico, to 
welcome us, stood the host with his fresh, charming 
wife, and, a little retired, a v/hite-headed butler. 
Greetings over with host and lady, this delightful 
creature, with ebon face beaming hospitalit}^, ad- 

( vanced holding a salver on which rested a huge silver 
goblet filled with Virginia's nectar, mint julep. Quan- 
tities of cracked ice rattled refreshingly in the goblet,. 

(j sprigs of fragrant mint peered above its broad rim,, 
a mass of white sugar too sweetly indolent to melt 
rested on the mint, and, like rosebuds on a snow- 
bank, luscious strawberries crowned the sugar. Ah t 
that julep ! Mars ne'er received such tipple from the 
hands of Ganymede! Breakfast was announced, and 
what a breakfast! A beautiful service, snoWy table- 
cloth, damask napkins — long unknown ; above all, a 
lovely woman in crisp gov/n, with more and hand- 
somer roses on her cheek than in her garden. 'Twas 
an idyl in the midst of the stern realities of war ! The 
table groaned beneath its viands. Sable servitors 
brought in, hot from the kitclien, cakes of wondrous 
forms, inventions of the tropical imaginations of 
Africa infiam.ed by Virginian hospitality. I was 
rather a moderate trencherman, but the performance 
of Hamiltoil was Gargantuan, alarming. Duty 



S4 

dragged us from this Eden ; yet In the hurried adieus 
I did not forget to claim of the fair hortess the privi- 
lege of a cousin, I watched Ham.ilton narrowly for 
a time. The youth wore a sodden, apoplectic look, 
quite out of his usual brisk form. A gallop of some 
mi-les put him right, but for days he dilated on the 
breakfast with the gusto of one of Hannibal's vete- 
rans on the delights of Capua." 

In order to the better understanding of the allu- 
sions to Hamilton and Tom, I will give the informa- 
tion that Lieut. Hamilton was a grandson of General 
Hamilton, of South Carolina, and was a cadet, in his 
second year, at West Point when the war commenced. 
Tom was the General's servant, three years his se- 
nior, and was his foster brother and early playmate. 
Tom's uncle, Charles Porter Strother, had been body 
servant to Gen. Zachary Taylor, following him in his 
Indian and Mexican campaigns, and Tom had served 
as aide to his uncle in Florida and Mexico. The 
General says Tom could light a fire in a minute, 
make the best coffee, and w^as superb at all manner of 
camp stews and roasts. He was an excellent horse 
groom as well as an expert at washing and ironing. 
He was always cheerful, but never laughed, and never 
spoke unless spoken to.' Gen. Taylor thinks there 
was a mute sympathy between Gen. Jackson and 
Tom, and gives the following story in evidence of it : 

He says he has often noticed them as^they sat, 
silent by his camp fire, Jackson gazing abstractedly 
into the fire and Tom, respectfully withdrawn, gazing 
at Jackson. When Gen. Taylor's brigade went into 
action at Strasburg, he left Tom on a hill where all 
was quiet. After awhile, from some change In the 



55 

enemy's dk^positi-ons, the plaice became rather hot, 
and Jackson, passing by, advised Tom to move; but 
he replied, if the General pleased, his ma-ster told him 
to stay there, and he would know where to find him, 
and he did not believe the shells would bother him. 
Two or three nights later, Gen. Jackson was at Tay- 
lor's camp fire, and Tom came up to bring them some 
coffee, whereupon Jackson rose and gravely shook 
him by the hand^ and then told Gen. Taylor how Tom 
had held his position on the hill. 

This little "side issue" to my story may not inter- 
est my readers, but it did me, very much, and I give 
it at a venture, and will now resume the march. Our 
objective point was Ashland, R. F. & P. R. R., and 
our route led us between the army of McDowell and 
the right wing of McClellan. As before stated, our 
Generals did not allow us to know anything at all, 
and so all us private generals gave the thing up and 
went ahead blindfold, with no guide but our unswerv* 
ing faith in Gen. Jackson. 

Some of the fellows had got on very familiar terms 
with him, indeed, so much so that they addressed 
him in common conversation as "Old Jack!" that is 
when he was not exactly present. When he was 
present it was our custom to throw up our hats and 
give him a rolling, rousing cheer, which usually had 
the effect to hurry him along, and I doubt very much 
if he liked it, for although he always took off his 
cap when passing this ordeal of homage, I noticed he 
got out of reach of it a^ fast as the " o4d sorrel" 
would take him. 

But our pride in our general was still more in- 
creased w^hen our sweeping fight, beginning at Me* 



56 

chanicsville, brought the great, high generals of Lee's} 
army over to our side o( the Chickahominy to reporti 
to '* Stonewall,"' and we saw Longstreet, A. P. and D. 
H. Hill, Hood, Branch, Stuart, Whiting and others, 
taking their orders gracefully from our great Valley 
chieftain; and we noticed the difference in their 
clothes, too, and notwithstanding they were better 
dressed, we could see a still brighter glow of glory 
over the damaged " duds " of 07/r Jackson. We were; 
proud of glorious "Old Dick" Ewell too, who took: 
everything so calmly,>;tr^// when lie was excited, and! 
was always ready just as he was in 1847 he led that 
squadron of Kearney's dragoons in their wild, dash- 
ing charge right up to the gates of the City of Mex- 
ico ; but I want my reader not to forget that our 
^'Stonewall" is the pi'ince arid hero of this little: 
story as far as it has been spun yet, and I want themi 
further to understand that the statements are histor- 
ically accurate and correct to the best of my know-, 
ledge and belief.. I don't think there can be any/ 
excuse for " knowingly or willingly" incorporating^ 
falsehohd in this little retrospective view, and if I do 
record anything not true, I do it unintentionally. 
There was but oftc Jackson. 

This Chickahominy country is^ not rhuch like the 
royal Valley of Virginia, and we always felt lost in 
it. No glimpse of the Blue Ridge charmed our'eyes, 
nothing but flat, sedgy fields, piney woods with 
cypress trimmings, and scrubby, tangled mazes of 
wilderness, and s\v'amps with stagnant, curreurless 
streams of coffee-colored water. The air was not 
bracing and invigorating like our own grand, moun- 
tain country, but came lazily creeping through the 



57 

kV(X>ds and sed^^es in a languid, half-and-lialf style, 
and the whole thing bore on or.r spirits with a de- 
pressing influence. We missed the splendid, gushing 
springs of pure water we had always had at home^ 
3ut never appreciated until now, and it gave us infi- 
nite trouble to rid ourselves of the ticks and chiggers 
hat camped on us and entrenched themselves in our 
flesh. We knew that our depression v\-as caused by 
the general sleepiness of this dreary, dismal country, 
which we had never seen before, for it resembles the 
whole Southern lowland country from whicli came 
those gallant regiments of North Carolina, Georgia, 
Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana, that had helped 
us redeem the Valley, and the effect of our mouhtairt 
air and water, v/ith the magnificent views of our roll- 
ing Valley, and its clear, bright, rushing rivers upon: 
those whole-souled Southern men was the very re- 
verse of what tl'iis country had upon us, but our boys 
said it was all right for a battle-ground because it 
was impossible to spoil it, and it seenit:d fit for noth- 
ing else. 

No Virginian of the Valley ever ouglit to make a 
h.ome beyond the view^ of the miountains, for he will 
not be content, and will always feel an acliing", loi^g- 
ing to lay eyes on their billovv^y blue, no matter' how 
long he m.ay stay away from them. "Absence can- 
not conquer love." 

" Bury me in the Valley of Virginia !" said "Stone- 
wall " Jackson, on his dcatlibed ; and not one uf our 
b'03's but felt in their hearts the same desire, shou'd 
the fate of war require the sacrifice of his life, but we 
didn't think as much of dying as the circum^^tances 
surrounding lis justified ; nor did the soldiers realize 



58 

the nearness of death, when they were campaigning^ I, 
more than people do who plad along through theij^^ 
daily duty in the piping times of peace. As it hat 
been in our Alleghany mountain campaign, in '6iL 
with the names of mountains, streams and bridges, s» 
now we learned new ones to us, and soon our tongue L 
glibly rounded off, in conversation, a long string d 
local names, such as "Grapevine Bridge," "Bottom] 
Bridge," "Long Bridge," "York River Railroad,, 
."White House," "Pamunkey," "Williamsburg Road,,| 
"Charles City," "Nine Mile Road," "New Kent, 
"Hanover," &c. But there was one road, much mem 
tioned too, which made an impression on the mind oL 
the school-boy, and it wms known all about as thiifi 
" Darbytown Road," but spelled EiiroiigJity roacs 
Some of Fremont's Dutchmen might have managei 
to make " Darby" out of that conglomeration of lettL 
ters, but." us boys" wasn't generals enough for tha 
yet ; in point of fact we fell into line at once, as fui 
privates, when we struck the " Enroughty-Darbytow 
Road," and obeyed orders just the same as if we ha^i 



never held birthrights to generals' commissions. 

Pawhick Creek was also a very interesting positio 
to us, about the 27th June, for behind it, beyond th 
New Bridge road, we found the skilfully constructe- 
fortifications which, withtheir ^nassive banks of earth 
protected McClellan's men at the now doubly famou 
Cold Harbour. 

In moving down from Mechanicsville to the Yor 
River R. R. we came to another of those sluggar' 
streams, known as Tottapotamoi Creek, the bridg 
over which was burning, and we heard the enemy' 
axes chopping rapidly in the woods beyond, fellin^ 



59 

?rees to obstruct our march, and making an almost 
"olid barricade, but Gen. Hood put Riley's battery 
'n position, and a few shells broke up the cliopping 
'o quick that when we again moved forward we found 
4ie axes sticking in the trees, but the choppers had 

■ [isappeared. That day was as near perfect as it could 
\e ; air balmy, sky bright and cloudless, and nature 
';loing her full share to make the "Old Virginia low- 
lands low," look decent, but we had not come down 
,iere to enjoy the scenery of nature, nor gather the 

lelicious blackberries that lined the swamps and fields. 
' Just here I will introduce ariother extract from Gen. 
'' Dick" Taylor, most astonishing I admit ; and yet, 
'rom the high character of the evidence, not to be set 
^side without thought, but I must say that I have 
'lever, in all my reading of the history of the war, 
'net anything like it : 

■ ''At the beginning of operations in the Richmond 
'.ampaign Lee had seventy-five thousand and McClel- 
'an one hundred thousand, in round numbers — these 
'igures taken from official sources. A high opinion 

las been expressed of tlie strategy of Lee, by which 
''ackson's forces were suddenly thrust between Mc- 
"Dowell and McClellan's right, and it deserves all 
Sraise; but the tactics on the field were vastly infe- 
■ior in the strategy. Indeed, it may be confidently 
isserted that from Cold Harbour to Malvern Hill, in- 
:lusive, there was nothing but a series of blunders, 
Mie after another, and all huge. The Confederate 
:ommanders knew no more about the topography of 
:he country than they did about Central Africa. Here 
rvas a limited district, the whole of it within a day's 
Tiarch of Richmond, the Capital of Virginia and the 



6o 



Confederacy, almost the fi 
occupied by tlie English' people '"* ^- '^' and yet we 
were profoundly ignorant o^ the country, were vvith^ 
out nirips or guides, and nearly as lielpless as if w(|ii 
had been suddenly transferred to the banks of the 
Lualaba. The day before the battle of Malvern Mil | 
PresidcTit Davis could not find a guide with sufficienin 
intelligence to conduct him from one of our columnjiia 
to another. "^^ ''^ '''" For two da}'s we lost McClellan*j'fe< 
great army in a few' miles of w^oodland, and never hacjii 
an3' definite knowledge of its movements. 
When it is remembered that Gen. McClellan's firsla 
operations in the Peninsula indicated the line o^ thc!i( 
Chickahomin}^ as the most probable, for the defenctj); 
of Richmond, the, Confederate commander up to tli( 
battle of Seven Pines, Gtn. Johnston, had been a top 
ographical engineer in the U. S. army, while his sue 
cesser, Gen. Lee, also an engineer, had been on dut)] 
at the War Office in Richmond, and in constant inter 
course' vv'Ith President Davis, who was educated ah'i 
West Point and served seven years '" "' "^' everyonqis 
must a.gree that our ignorance, in a military sense, oifo 
the battle-ground was simply amazing. "''^ ''' *"' Gem 
McClellan was as superior to us in knowledge of ou 
ovrn landas v;ere the Germans to the P'rench in theii|i 
war of 1S70. "^" •'' '" And so we blundered on lik< 
people trying to read v.-ithout knowledge of their let- 
ters." 

I am not conceited enough to give any opinion o 

my own upon this subject even if I had one, bu 

reading what Gen. Taylor- has written, and reflecting 

ypon it, calls to mind much that was nearly forgotten 

my revived memory can only account for man) 



6i 

ings that I saw in the military operations of the 
(Seven Days " -by taking v/hat he says as true. I 
now we had no pillar of cloud by day or of fire by 
ight to lead us, but we also know that Gen. McClel- 
)kn moved his army and trains by one single road 
ftef he commenced his retreat to the James, arid only 
iitii rough ^no ranee somewhere on our part eauld he - 
iS(ave accomplished it as successfully as he hid. That 
Vxen. Lee had' beat him in strategy, and ** wore out"* 
chis grand army with thr«e men to his four is trut, 
*,nd that McClellan had previously determined, after 
St ackson's Valley campaign ha.d locked up all his 
Kioped for reenfoKcements,, to change his base to the 
;e ames River is also true, but that he was forced by 
inexorable fate, in the person o^ Lee, to make that 
)-;hange under pressure and before he was ready is as 
;rue as as any of it. And he was compelled to face 
yiis fate as best he could, but In doing it his army 
•vas ruined and the star of the " Young Napoleon *"' 
i!vent down in blood among the Chickahomlny swamps 
eis the "Great" Napoleon's had done fifty 3/ears beT 
ifore ami.d the snows of Russia and the flames of Mos- 
i.:ow. 

I The result had proved General Lee to be one of the 
[greatest soldiers of history, and his throne in the 
eaearts of his soldiers was thenceforward secure, but 
;\.VQ- do not want to lose siglit of his admirable Lieu- 
:enants : — Longstreat, the " War Horse," as Gen. Lee 
Izalled him., could always be relied on to hold the 
theatre, where the hardest blow's were given ; and A. 
rP. Hill, the dashing, chivalric, headlong commander 
,pf the "Light Division," v/ho, always in feeble health, 
/v/as never sick on battle days ; Ev/ell, the blunt and 



62 

fierce bulldog soldier, confided in by Jackson ; Ma 
gruder, the boiling, tempestuotis, enterprising leader "^J 
Hood, the giant Texan, daring and indomitable 
"bravest of the brave ;" Stuart, the prince of cavalry 
men, chivalrous as a knight of the Round Table 
and all the way down the line, generals of divisions; 
and brigades, colonels of regiments, commanders o 
squadrons and battalions, captaijis of companies, all 
cooperated with the troops; and the private soldier: 
"the true, hero of the war," without the incentive oi 
motive which controls the officer, who hopes to livt^ 
in history ; without hope of reward, actuated only by 
duty and patriotism, he claimed the cause as his own 
and went into the war to " conquer or die," to be fret 
or not to be at all. 

History will yet award the chief glory where it be- 
longs — to the private soldier. All these joined and 
executed the plans of Gen. Lee, which resulted in 
throwing Gen. McClellan's magnificent army back 
from the gates of the Southern capital, to tremble and 
cower beneath the guns of their fleet at Harrison's 
Landing, and the long agony was over. But we had 
met soldiers who "fought like brave men, long and 
well," and their army was not routed, though defeated. 

We had won many trophies from our foes ; embrac- 
ing fifty pieces of artillery, many thousands of small 
arms, millions of dollars worth of property, and 
thousands .of prisoners ; but the supreme result wa.s 
the deliverance of the city of Richmond. 

It had cost us a heavy price to do this, and Jack- 
son's men had poured out precious blood in the low- 
lands, as they had other precious blood in the Valley 
and among the Alleghanies. 



63 

. Many of our gallant comrades slept their last sleep 
.)eneath the slopes of Hanover, in the gloomy swamps 
,')f the Chickahominy, and under the sighing pines of 
\ew Kent and^ Charles City. 

" Lowly they lie, forms of spirits departed ; 

Lie, vvhere in battle they struggled and fell, 
Unknelt by their graves, by the -reft, broken-hearted. 
No marble enduring their noble deeds tell," 



CHAPTER VII. 

I am no statesman, nor do I wish to be considered 
Dne, but I think I represent the rank and file of the 
Southern Army, and will try, roughly, to tell what 

he private soldiers thought about the war, after a 
[y'ear's experience. We had our ow^n ideas as to what 

t was for, and I know that the maintenance, or per- 
petuation of African slavery had no part in the motives 
l^vhich impelled us to endure the privations of the 
:amp, the march, and all the tribulations which a 
state of -war brought to us, including the danger and 
death of the battlefield. We did not think of slavery 
at all in connection with the war. Many of us did 
Qot think there was sufficient reason for the war any- 
way, and, like our old commander, Gen. J. A. Early, 
opposed secession as much, and as far as we could, 
but we were citizens of Virginia ; v/e, who coMld, had 
v^oted for delegates to the State Convention with an 
honest determiliation — as good citizens— to abide by 
the result of their action. We believed the Federal 
Government- was a creature of the States, ordained 
for the general good of all, but we felt that we owed 



64 

paraJmount allegiance to Old Virginia, and when ouriP 
""Stafe Convention, honestly and fairly elected, decidedi-' 
to withdraw the State from the Union, and their ac-^'^ 
tion was endorsed by an overwhelming majority oil" 
our people, \ve would have held ourselves to be trai-M^ 
t-ors, ungrateful do^s, and death-deserving rebels, iil^'" 
we had failed to enlist under her " Sic Semper Tyran-|ii 
nis " banner. '^ 

We couldn't fight the Union and the State both^^' 
nof could we sit still and allow the Federal Govern-^^c 
ment to throttle, stifle and crush our proud old Com-i'^ 
monwealth, for doing that.whidi we believed she had|i' 
a perfect right to do, viz., resume all tke right^^ and -' 
powers which she had delegated to the Federaji'f 
Government. There had been po coercion used toil' 
compel her to enter the Union which, thror.gh het|'' 
distinguished sons, she had been one of the foremost 
to promote, nor did we believe that our old--time>jf' 
fath-ers had knowingly bound her to a liatefuV paftner-i'i 
ship with a section bent! on her ruin, by a tie v;hich!' 
she had no right or powder to sever. 

We belonged first of all to Virginia, th6 blood o!'|^' 
whose sons had in times past been shed from Quebec'in 
to Boston, from Boston to Savannah, -for the liberty'li 
we enj-oyed, and now vvhere she required our service.-'' 
we, as loyal children, dared to go. And I know thal'- 
for the first two years of the war slavery and its abo>h 
lition did not draw the young men of the V/es' 
into the Northern army, for I talked with many oin 
them-whom the fortune of war had mad« owr prison !^i 
ers, and without exception they declared they wervjja 
fighting for the Union and the old Constiti^tion, no'l? 
'to free the negro, vv;ho, they said, ought not to be frec'^i 



i 



6s 

mong white people. Nor do I believe that Abraham 
i«coIn went into the war to free, the slaye^v at least 
t said he did not, and I believe- jie wa^ ho^jest, and 
tn satisfied that if the South had surrendered apy 
me during the first or second year of Xhe w^r slavery 
ould nothave been abolished. The restt;)ratipn...of 
le <?/^ Union,, under the old GonstitutiGn,. would 
ave left slavery intact, and in. order to acco^niplish 
s entire removal it was necessary to establish a ^^^ 
ovenant and new laws, which was ultimately done, 
ut for fbur years we were the true defenders of the 
rinciples of the Constitution as it was, and. if the 
tates "of the South had been guided by the counsels 
f that noble old Virginian, Henry A. Wise, and in- 
tead of secession had held on to the old flag, the 
qual rights of all the "States, in the territories and 
Isewhere, wo«!d have been maintained, and the other 
Hows who equipped and sent forth John Brown on 
is mission of destruction would have been the rebels 
1 the "irrepressible conflict." 

But the hand of the God of Israel was in it, and he 
d us by a way that we knew not, through the flood 
nd the fire, to the positive and emphatic removal of 
le disturbing elements which did so torment and 
istract us, and made the American Union of today 
-what it never was and never could be under 
le original confederation — a nation ! 

And now I know you will say I am wandering 
om my story, but before I return to " Stonewall," I 
ill tell you of the famous " Louisiana Tigers," \vhose 
allant commander. Major Wheat, was killed on the 
7th Jane in the hottest of the fight at Gold Harbour. 
Jearly every account of the war which I have read 



66 

by Northern writers gives great prominence in everv 
battle to the *' Tigers/' and I am of the opinion thaj 
every soldier in the Union army actuaWy thought h*i] 
fought the '* Tigers." I cannot estimate the numbe 
they must originally have mustered, according to th< 
amount of fighting they are represented by the boy 
in blue to have done, but there was certainly morr 
than a million of them, or they wouldn't '* go around.,. 
It is something like the Yankee boys at Gettysburg 
where every mother's son of them fought and sle\ 
the men of '* Pickett's Division/' and also a little likx. 
the "Gray Jackets" who are fond of detailing des 
perate combats with the " Pennsylvania Bucktails. 
Nearly every regiment in I.ee's army has, on one o 
more occasions, ** locked horns " with the " Buck; 
tails/' It is unquestionably a compliment to thi 
*' Tigers," to '' Pickett's Division/' and to the " Buck 
tails," to be selected as special antagonists by me 
who were hunting " foemen worthy of their steel,,, 
but it is a fact that " Pickett's Division " at (jettyi; 
burg did not number five thousand, and on the authoii 
ity of General ** Dick " Taylor, who was their brigadi 
commander as long as they had an organization, 
will now tell who and what the " Tigers " were : i 
Before the first battle of Manassas there were som| 
three companies from Louisiana unattached to reg | 
ments that were thrown together as a battalion. Th 
strongest of the three, and giving character to all, ws 
called the "Tigers," and was recruited on the levees an 
in the alleys of New Orleans, and might have come oi 
of "Alsatla," where they would have been most worth 
subjects of " Duke Hildebrod." This company Wc 
raised and conwnanded by Wheat himself in the b< 



67 

inning, but on the formation of the battalion and his. 
romotion to major it was und^r Capt. White, a man 
f many aliases and unsavory character, and so vil- 
ainous was the reputation of this battalion that no 
rigadier desired the honor of commanding it, but 
y hard discipline and some executions by sentence 
y court-martial, Gen. " Dick " got them in some sort 
if subjection, but he says they always would plunder 
n spite of his orders, unless he was with them in per- 
on, at every battle. His account of them the 24th 
{ May, '62, when with Jackson at Front Royal, 
eads like this : 

" In the morning Jackson led the way : my brigade, 
\ small body of cavalry, and a section of the Rock- 
)ridge battery formed the column. Major Wheat, 
vith his battalion of " Tigers," was directed to keep 
:lose to the guns. Sturdy marchers, they trotted 
ilong with the cavalry and artillery at Jackson'.s 
leels, and after several ho/ars were some distance in 
idvance of the brigade, with which I remained. A 
volley in front stirred us up to a " double," and we 
ipeedily came upon a moving spectacle. Jackson 
lad struck the Valley pike at Middletown, along 
vhich a large body of Federal cavalry, with many 
vagons, was hastening north. He had attacked at 
)nce with his handful of men, and overwhelming re- 
listance, had captured prisoners and wagons. The 
gentle ' Tigers ' were looting quite merrily, diving in 
md out of wagons with the activity of rabbits \\\ a 
varren ; but this occupation was abandoned on my 
ipproach, and in a moment they were in line, looking 
IS solemn and virtuous as deacons at a funeral." 
The redoubtable Major Bob, Wheat' was always a 



character in 'war, if -there was any war a,nywherel 
The son of an "Episcopal, clergyman, he ran off-fronjn 
school and fo-li'owed Gc'n.-Zachary Taylor through thcfc 
battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monte i 
rey, until he was badly wounded/ After the Mexican Iv 
war he went with Lopez fo Cuba, where he wa; 
wounded in a. desperate fight with the Spanish troop:ffi 
and c'S.ptured, but his- guardian angel saved him.|a 
somehow, from the garrote, which crushed the neckii 
of alt his comrades in this reckless enterprise, and ht 
escaped to follow Gen. Walker, the *'gray-cyed man oir 
destiny," in his filibuster expedition to Nicaragua!^ 
where the incapacity of the South American patriot^ 
so disgusted him that he left them to their vac-illations | 
and crossing the Atlantic^ he joined Garibal-di, irii 
Italy, in whose army of ragamuftlns he did nobltil 
service in the cause of liberty ; but his keen scent o| 
war brought him home to America, early in '6l, ir 
time to catch a bullet at first Manassas. At Harris 
onburg, Va., on the 5th June, '62, where Gen. A^hb} 
was killed ; and one of tlie last dashes he made, witlll 
his famous cavalry, was to capture CoL Sir Perc}^]j 
Wyndham, of Fremont's cavalry ; Col. Wyndham'; 
was brought to the rear a prisoner. No one knev.l 
him, but the troops jeered at him, some, as the bi^ji 
** Yankee Colonel," and the Colonel, being an Eag \ 
lishman, hated the name of Yankee worse than any 1 
thing else, which caused a fearful scowl to settle ori 
his features. As soon as Wheat laid eyes on him, h^i; 
sprang from his horse v/ith a glad cry of, "Why! 
Percy ! old boy ! where did you come from ?" at th(;l 
same time throwing his arms around the Colonel' 
neck; and Wyndham, with a responsive thrill, ex 



69 

lalnied, as he returned the embrace -^of his t)ld-tiine 
ness-mate in the Garabaldi wars : "Why, Bob 1 God 
iless you ; is this you?" Nobody aj)plied the in- 
ulting epithet of Yankee to Col. Wyndham again", 
/hile Major Wheat was about. 

The gallant Bob. Wheat met his death as before 
tated, in the battle of Cold Harbour, just at sunset, 
nd the last words, from his lips v/ere, '* boys, we've 
iron the fight, bury me on the field!" 

With Major Wheat gone no one could hold his 
ben together, and the Louisiana Tigers-, in fact, 
eased to exist, but the Northern soldiers, in fancy, 
ontinued to fight the Tigers for two years more. 

We will now return to " Stonewall " near Rich- 
oond, his army merged into the A. N. V.,. waiting 
or McClellan to get reenforcements and rest up his 
^rmy of the Potomace for another movement against 
»ur modern Rome, the seven-hilled city on the James. 

About this time we began to tremble for our cause, 
n consequence of the fearful disasters about to be 
wrought upon this devoted army of martyrs by the 
"^ope. Not the gentle Rom^an pontiff, Pius IX, but 
. greater than all pontiffs combined, to-wit.: Major- 
jeneral John Pope, U. S. A,, commanding the "Arm.y 
)f Virginia." This most wonderful, all-conquering, 
.nd invincible commander, had come, as he informed 
is in general orders, from the West, where he had 
lever seen any more of his enemies than their backs, 
md the common idea of his own folks was that the 
pirit of Julius Caesar : veni, vidi, vici, and all, had 
)een again incarcerated in John Pope, Majer-General. 
:t was, moreover, a matter of scientific knowledge to 
he most eminent astrologers, that the planets, Jupiter 



70 

and Mars, were in conjunction at the precise momentf 
of his birth. The regular astronomer of his native! 
town had requested that he be christened '* Jupiterlt 
Mars" Pope, which would have looked remarkablyjo 
well at the foot of a general prder issued from " H'dJ' 
Q'rs in the the saddle/' but his parents were afraid i 
to risk it Still, the more ordinary name of **John,'| 
with which he was invested, did not prevent his det' 
velopment into a mighty man for thunder. iSJo ques-f 
tton as to the location of his "headquarters" coulc?' 
ever arise, for he tells us himself that they are " in th(^ 
saddle ;'.' an eminently proper location for the headlf 
quarters of a commanding general of the army, fojf 
the reason, that in the event of small parties of thdf 
enemy's cavalry demonstrating in the neighborhood! 
the headquarters can be moved with promptness anc' 
facility. 

The portions of the general orders which caused us 
most concern were those bearing directly upon oui 
own conduct, as Rebels', because he fulminated sd 
fiercely against stray rebels committing ** overt actr 
of war" upon any, or sundry sutler wagons, horses; 
or what not ; and in case we should in i:^nywise bo 
tlius guilty of depredations, in the limits of his de 
partment, no less than five Soutliern citizens were t< 
be held accountable, in each instance in their personj^ 
goods, and chattels. He was particularly sever: 
upon the citizens in the matter of "overt acts of wan 
committed by Rebel soldiers, and v\^e grew very un 
easy, lest Jackson, or "EweM, or somebody, migh 
lead us into some indiscretion which the" Major 
General commanding Army of Vrirginia," . mighjni 
construe into' an " overt act," &c. We had bee.igc 



/atching " StQiiewaU" pretty closely, and noticing- 
hat he did not read the papers of the day, we feared 
e might, through ignorance of the General's general 
•rder, do sometliing which we should all'- regret, as 
eing distasteful to -Major-General Pope. 

Another clause of '* general orders " also gave us 
;reat uneasiness, and we were glad Jackson did not 
ead the papers, when this came to our knowledge,, 
ut self-respect required, as we thought, some action 
n regard to it at our hands. The Major-General, in 
his clause, applied some very ugly names to us — in 
act — he called us '* disaster and shame,'' and we knew 
le had particular reference to Jackson's men, for his 
anguage was, that "disaster and shame," as aforesaid, 

urked in the rear ;" and it was generally known 
hat "Stonewall" was a bad man for^ lurking in the 
ear ; but we had never had such epithets applied to 
is before, by any of tlie commanding generals, not 
iven Banks. We consulted and took counsel to- 
gether' — -we generals of the rank and file — but we 
:ouldn'"t exactly determine what to do about it ; 
whether to WTite tQ Major-General Pope asking him 
o modify his severe language, or to disband and go 
o Texas, singly or in pairs, as would be most expe- 
lient. We remained in this state of doubt and 
jnoertainty, not unmixed with dread until tlie 19th 
uly, 1862, when " Stonewall " roused up, shook his 
nane, growled a little, and started towards Gordons- 
^ille. We did all we could to persuade him against 
'lurking," but we went along, for we couldn't tliink 
of permitting him to get out of our sight, for fear he 
might do some "overt act," and about this time we 
got some more news from Gen. Pope which rendered 



72 

it doubly important for us to keep an eye pretty^jn 
closely o-n Jackson! The *"' Maj of -General command- 
ing," had been before the congressional committee on 



the conduct of the war, and had there declared that 
" with such an army as McClellan had in March, '62,1^^ 
he v/ould engage to sweep the counll-y from Wash- 
ington to New Orleans," and we estimated that if the 
U. S- Governm.ent should give him such a one we 
would hardly be safe in Texas. 

When we reached Gordonsville it became neces- 
sary to learn positively the whereabouts of the ''Army 
of Virginia," ^nd it was not very lang until we had^' 
it located. We found it particularly active in Madi 
son and Orange counties, engaged in heavy forayj 
on citizens ai^d their property of every description 
and when Major-Gen. Pope had swept the country to| 
the Rapidan the* most noticeable result of his victo- 
rious march was the complete stamping out, in the;, 
minds of the inhabitants of the conquered territory, 
of the heresy of secession. One of his staff officersij! 
reports stopping at a house in Culpeper where thect 
family was just sitting down to dinner, and in fifteen^^ 
minutes the soldiers had not only swallowed the din-J 
ner but had swept up and carried away everything^ 
portable or eatable, live-stock and all, indoors andT 
out, and a little son of the proprietor said to this staff'i 
.officer, "Pap says he wouldn't vote the secession^ 
ticket again \i he had the chance," v/hich, the officer ^{ 
said, was extremely gratifying to him. 

. The reconversion of the territory from treasonable 
proclivities to loyalty was, of course, equal in extent 
to the spread- of the wings of his army — which was 
from the Blue Ridge to the junction of the rivers 



7Z 

Lapidan and Rappahannock, and it was only neces- 
ary to continue the movement to the Gulf of Mex- 
:o in order to completely restore the love of the 
fnion in the hearts of all the people. ; A Northern 
Orrespondent who accompanied the army wrote : 
The land was green when they came, bat they left a 
esert behind them ;" and Gen. Pope, to more fully 
stablish loyalty in his department, issued what he 
ailed his expatiation order, which required that '' all 
lale citizens disloyal to the United States should be 
nmediately arrested, the oath of allegiance proffered 
lem, and if they took it and furnished sufficient se- 
'ivity for its observance, they should be released. If 
ley declined taking it they should be sent beyond 
le extreme Federal pickets, and found again within 
is lines should be treated as spies and shot." Another 
rder had a very salutary effect on the home folks, 
'hich was, that "the prominent citizens of the dis- 
-ict should be arrested and detained as hostages for 
le good behavior of the inhabitants, and made to 
uffer in their persons for the acts of pariizans and 
ushwhackers." If any of the Federal troops were 
bushwhacked," one of the hostages should suffer 
eath. 

All this and much more us generals had on our 
linds to distract us, and it made us still anxious to 
revent Gen. Jackson from committing depredations 
n the army lines of Gen. Pope, so that v/e lost a good 
eal of sleep watching him. We kept all such infor- 
lation from him as much as possible, knowing, from 
he nature of the man, that if he should get full 
.ccounts of Pope's proceedings it would excite him, 
.nd perhaps cause him to commit some " overt act." 



74 

Hovvcver, some indiscreet person gave him a newsjjr 
paper one day, and then the '' fat was in the fire/' andj 
we gave -up the idea of being generals any more untilt 
somebody should get " wore. out." \ 

Jackson crossed the Rapidan at Barnett's ford on!, 
the 8th August, and marched us steadily forward to^f 
wards Culpeper C. H., right into the jaws of destruc4, 
tion "us boys" thought. The next day we reached!' 
Cedar Run, eight miles from the C. H., and right 
here we came square up against the centre of Major-I 
Gen. Pope's army. How 1 wish he had been nameccL 
"Jupiter Mars " for plain "John" seems too plairi 
and simple and naked- to clothe the Julius Caesar of 
North America. Anyhow, "Stonewall" drove liisi 
Vv'edges right into the centre of the "Army of Vir--^ 
glnia," which here consisted oi 32,000 men, accordingi' 
to official reports of Major-Gen. J. Pope, but we soon 
learned from prisoners that Gen. Banks was in comi,. 
mand here, and the horizon began to clear, for wf( 
knew if that was the case that we wouldn't go tci 
Texas yet awhile. We didn't believe Gen. Bankf| 
could drive Jackson out of Culpeper if Pope woulc(^ 
give him the job. j 

We got to business on the 9th, about the middlti. 
of the afternoon, and after considerable skirmishingj 
and cannon-firing Gen. Early moved his brigad(+ 
along the Culpeper road, drove the enemy's cavalr) 
before him, and pushed his line to the crest of a hill 
but the Federal batteries opened such a furious can- 
nonade upon the hill that he withdrew his troops be^ 
low the crest and hurried up his own batteries tc 
reply. A large body of cavalry appeared on our lef 
flank, and we fixed ourselves to attend to them, but 



75^ 

aptains Brown and Dement opened on tliem with 
leir batteries which settled that matter pre rty soon, 
/hile all this was, going on, Gen. Winder, with Jack-. 
3n's old division, moved upon our left, and a column 
f Federals made a drive straight at our batteries, 
ut Gen. Early put his whole line forward, and the 
attle was joined along our entire front, and raged 
iriously till night. 

Jackson's army was composed of his own division, 
pmmanded by Winder ; EwelTs division, and part 
r A. P. Hill's. Gen. Thomas' brigade, of Hill's, 
ime to Gen. Early's support just when we needed 
elp ; and we succeeded in driving them to the 
cods, where they held on for awhile, but finally a 
eneral charge swept them through the woods and 
ivay towards the C. H. They made a last attempt 
) drive us back with cavalry, but Taliaferro and 
ranch ruined them, and their dashing charge ended 
L a rout, leaving Gen. Price, their commander, a 
risoner. W^e had 223 killed and 1,060 wounded, 
don't know the enemy's loss, but we got over 400 
risoners, 5,300 small arms, one Napoleon gun and 
lisson and the caissons of two other guns. We had 
iven Major-Gen. J. Pope's army a trial and had 
^me out " on top." Our infantry had beaten his 
|.irly in the open field, giving them a choice of posi- 
on, and our artillery had outshot his. 

It is not hard for one who is engaged in a battle to 
jmprehend a written description of it, but these de- 

riptions are not often written by men who were 
:tually engaged in the line of battle. 

The soldier sees very little of the general engage- 
lent, and when he attempts to describe the field he 



1(> 

does so on other people's information, not his o\\\\\ 
knowledge. A battlefield, where only five or teni 
thousand troops are engaged, is a much more extends 
sive area than most people suppose, and when larg^^ 
bodies of soldiers — say fifty thousand on a side— are^ 
in it, a man on a good horse could hardly gallonl 
from point to point, over the whole field, during th^t| 
continuance of the battle. The field is large, buti 
each soldier only knows what is being done in hisi 
own vicinity, generally, the space occupied by hi^i 
ov/n compan}^ and sometimes not that much. 

When Vv'e are preparing for the battle you will no- 
tice that the columns, which have been moving] 
steadily forward all day halt, and seem to hesitate^ 
like a swarm cA bees, whether to light or not ; whetheij 
to go forward or back. The men don't ask, " what'si 
the matter," for they know, most of tliem, exactly^ 
what it is, and the old infantry soldier don't n(iQ(\ an}fj 
body to tell him wlien he is on the edge of a balll' 
They notice that the Colonels are talking with the; 
Generals, and thej^ see officers and couriers gallopin; 
some towards the front xwfl others to the rear. Thi 
infantry open their columns, and the cavalry, witS 
jingling spurs and clanking sabres, trot forward. Th^i 
ammunition wagons roll.. heavily up, and the ambu ! 
lances move along, the surgeons chatting cheerfully! 
with each o"ther, and the men are i\\\ jokey and chatty 
There is a- good deal of handling of field glasses. by 
the general officers, and the Colonels and Captain; 
show a good deal of cool, calm anxiety to have theii 
men welMn'hand. No hurrying or confusion abou' 
rt, not so much as if the}' \N<zx(t going out on a review, 
but it seem' to do them good to sec the boys cheerfu. 



77 

nd in g^ood heart. After awhile somebody rides up 
[) the quiet looking Colonel, on the gray horse, and 
ays a few words, and he turns around to the regi- 
lent, with a short, prompt manner, and says quietly, 
ut clearly and sharp : " Attention, 2 1st," or whatever 
tie number may be — "forward !" and away goes the 
wading regiment to the front. You can see them 
larching quick and strong in column, for a bit, and 
rien you hear the Colonel say, "front into line, 
aarch !" then on they go, up the hill to the fence, 
/hich the men jump over, and you liear the guns — 
^op ! pop! bang! bang! the familiar "Rebel yell" 
jreaks forth, and the firing grows in volume— ^quick, 
.piteful, rattling. You, perhaps, think tliis is a battle, 
nd I amagine it would pass for o\\(t in Revolutionary 
imes, but it is only skirmishers advancing now, and 
hey trot along cheerfully, about ten or fifteen feet 
:part, firing and loading -rapidly, calling funny re- 
narks to each other, laughing, shouting and cheer- 
ng — but advancing. Some of them drop out of the 
ine and limp to the rear, some lay fiat on the ground, 
lead or too badly hurt to trayel, but the line moves 
orward all the same and the vacant places are filled 
►y the men moving over to the right or left, and pre- 
ently they reach the t!ml>er, where every man posts 
limself behind a .tree, stump, -rock, anything that 
)fters shelter ; and, in the most deliberate rnanner 
:eep up the firing, which 'now changes its- rattling 
one to something like a roar, but it is not a battle 
'Ct, for our boys have only driven the enemy's., skir- 
nishers back on their line of battle, and developed 
heir position ; and '.now a battery gallops up and 
lurries into position, unlimbers the heavy trails and 



78 

the Captain commands : " Commence firing.'* The , 
artillerymen step in briskly and cheerfully, and load''^ 
the pieces, then step aside ; a blaze of fire flies from'^ 
the m.uzzle of the first gun, in a puff of white smoke, f 
and away goes a howling shell, over the heads of the' 
skirmish line, to explode in the enemy's line, and you 
hear that yell again. Gun after gun blazes forth its 
shrieking shell with all the rapidity possible, some-f 
times so fast as to fire three rounds a minute fronV'^ 
each gun, and all the while that skirmish line is " pop !■;' 
pop ! bang ! banging away !" Now comes another^'' 
movement, as the brigade forms up in line ; a thou--'J 
sand, yes, two thousand ramrods rattle down into the; 
barrels of as many muskets ! then the long drawni' 
command, ''forward!" rings down the line, and thei' 
skirmishers are relieved, but not a minute too soon,:' 
for they have been compelled to lie down flat on the:' 
ground, with their heads against the trees in front, :^ 
unable either to advance or retire without meeting'' 
certain death, but when their brigade line comes up,j' 
they yell with joy, pride, excitement, jump to theiri^' 
feet and charge right on with the " old brigade ;" forr 
they are proud of their " old brigade." It may be^ 
known along the line as ''Early's or Taylor's, or 
Winder's, or maybe the 'Stonewall* brigade," but 
those men know it as ''our brigade," and now you 
are safe in reporting that the battle has begun. 

The sharply sparkling, rattling roar of the rifles of 
the skirmishers is swallowed up in the rolling, boom- 
ing thunder of -the musketry, which, ih*tone like a 
mighty, rushing wind, rises, swells, lulls, and roars 
again along the line, and now it is that the spectator, 
who is viewing his first battle, thinks, as the smoke- 



79 

loud rolls up above the trees and he hears the hor- 
;bly crashing volleys blending together, that no man 
an be left alive. It is a busy time, and the couriers, 
ides and staff officers gallop and dash from place to 
lace on foaming steeds, bearing orders along the 
otly-contested li'ne. Brigades and divisions wheel 
ito position and press forward, and blazing batteries 
rown every hill. The ammunition wagons get up, 
Dmehow, in reach of the troops, and the light riding, 
mpty ambulances spin along, right up to the line of 
ghting, soon to return, solemnly moving to the rear 
-'ith their ghastly loads of mangled soldiers, while 
!ie shells and bullets fly about in an indiscriminate, 
imless sort of way, anywhere at all, and are liable 
3 hit anybody at all. Now the enemy's batteries are 
1 position and warmed to their work, and tl^ " sul- 
hurous canopy " darkens all the field and forest for 
liles, the musket-balls rap aad whack on the guns 
nd cannon wheels, while occasionally a caisson of 
rtillery ammunition is blown up by an exploding 
hell, and the burned and mangled bodies of the men 
ear it whirl up into the air. The battle is in full 
last now, and the time has co.me to test the metal 
nd discipline of the troops, but if '^ Stonewall " is on 
he field we will soon hear a roll of musketry or 
rashing battery roar away off on the flank or rear of 
he sturdy fighting blue line in our front, and soon 
/e see their batteries limber up hastily and gallop 
ack; for the guns must be saved, at all risk; then 
heir infantry line slowly gives ground, and our can- 
oniers break out into a wild cheer, which is taken 
p by the infantry, and the shout of victory rings 
loriously, up through the smoky pall, from the 



^jl 



80 

thousands of throats that we thought awhile ago were," 
all stilled in death. And here comes the cavalry, irti 
columns and squadrons, galloping after the retiring! 
enemy, charging into their cavalry and light batteries,;' 
which are covering the retreat. This keeps up for'^ 
long distances, generally, and we see the streams oj 
wounded men, and parties of dejected looking priso- 
ners coming back, with perhaps a captured cannon^ 
and wagons now and then, for defeat and rout means'' 
irretrievable ruin to the army that suffers it, if our 
** Stonewall the great" commands the army that wins.*' 
But this last part is about all the private soldier 
sees of a battle. However, after it is over, each mam 
tells "his neighbor what he saw, and by tomorrow eachf 
one of us imagines he saw the whole battle, for it is' 
a rare school for the cultivation of imagination ; and: 
we tell the whole story — thus picked up and patched] 
together — until some of us, after- awhile, szvear to be- 
ing an eye-witness to every scene and movement of' 
that battle ; nor can you blame us, for it is not everyv 
one that can ^o through a four-year experience Hke(] 
that and be able to tell about it afterwards, and thef 
stirring times of that war made a deep impression on 
our minds, but we old veterans are growing old, our 
ranks are thinned and thinning, and soon we'll crossf' 
over to camp with the majority. To this new man, 
who has just got a glimpse of his first battle, one oJ 
the strangest things is the cheerfulness of tHe soldiers 
under fire, and their general jollity amid the hail- 
storm of battle. He wonders how that artilleryman 
at Gettysburg, while doing his duty at his gun in the 
battery, could sing, as be did — f^ 

" Backward, turn^ackwarL], oh, time in thy flight ! 
Make me a child aff-ai-n. just for thh fif/it T' 



8i 

• his comrade, near, respond — " Yes, and a gal 
^ild at that." 

We have an anecdote, well vouched for, of a gal- 
nt sergeant, in a Union regiment, in one of the 
niderness battles. A rebel battery was spreading 
ivoc over the field and the General ordered the 
olonel to take it. The Colonel turned to his regi- 
ent and exclaimed, ** Men, the General saj^s he 
ants that battery. Can't we take it for him ?" This 
rgeant stuttered, or stammered, some folks call it : 
lid he, " S-s-say — -Colonel — 1-l-let's t-t-take up a 
c-collection and b-b-buy the b-bl -blamed thing. 
11 th-throw in my sh-share," but we are told that the 
giment did take the battery, and the sergeant did 
s duty no less manfully and bravely, for his joke. 



CHAPTER YIII. 

Now I must go back to my hero, " Stonewall the 
reat," for he is about to make another "lurking" 
cpedition to the " rear" of Major-Gen. John Pope, 
asmuch as Gen, Lee has moved the whole army up 
om Richmond and '' us generals " have determined 

do what we can for the " Army of Virginia " he- 
re the " Army of the Potomac " can reach it, for 
e don't care to yoke up' to Gen. McClellan right 
s^ay. He gave us all we wanted from him in that 
st interview at Malvern Hill, and we had much 
ther fight the great annihilator, Major-Gen. Pope, 
3W that we have got his measure, than bother with 
Little Mac." We had been loafing around in Or- 



82 

ange county since Cedar Run until July I5t, when we 
moved up to Mt. Pisgah church. Gen. Jackson now 
had under his comnaand — 1st, Ewell's division, com-J- 
posed of the brigades of Lawton, Early, Trimble andl 
Hays, with the batteries of Brown, Dement, Lattimer,, 
Balthus and D'Aquin ; 2d, A. P. Hill's division, ofl 
the brigades of Branch, Gregg, Field, Pendar, Archerr 
and Thomas,, and the batteries of Braxton, Latham,, 
Crenshaw, Mcintosh, Davidson and Pegram ; 3d,, 
Jackson's old division, under Brig. -Gen. W. B. Talia- 
ferro, with the brigades of Winder (Col. Baylor);; 
Campbell (Maj. Seddon) ; Taliaferro (Col. A. G. Tal- 
iaferro) ; and Starke, with the batteries of Brocken- 
borough. Wooding, Poague, Caskie, Carpenter andi 
Raines. The cavalry of Gen. Stuart was everywhere,, 
front, flank and rear, and were continually doings 
some "overt act of war" to the annoyance and dis-- 
pleasure of Major-Gen. Pope, and right in his depart-j 
ment too, where he found himself utterly unable toi 
control the operations of these rough-rjders by arrest 
ing and holding citizens responsible for depredations 
by soldiers against his troops and trains. 

Some Federal cavalry played a splendid jol^e on 
Stuart himself by surprising him at Vidiei^ville while 
he was at breakfast, and causing him to maunt his 
horse i-n haste and gallop off bare-headed, while they 
retired in triumph, carrying off his hat, cloak and 
haversack. It was the first time Stuart was ever 
" caught napping," and '* his wreath had lost a rose," 
but he made it bloom again a 'fev/ days after by a gal-! 
lant foray in Pope's rear at Catlett's Station, where' 
he captured his headquarter wagons with the *' great' 
annihilator's " morfey- chest, dispatch book, and Iiat 



83 

vjth itfc ostrich plume, and Stuart was himself again. 
I wish I could drop the generalities of history and 
Bove along as I should with the "shameless" disas- 
:er hunting gray-jackets of " Stonewall," but I must 
-feep up. We moved on 2oth August from Mt. Pis- 
2;ah, by way of Somerville ford, to Stevensburg, in 
ulpeper, and now we were almost in Major-Gen. 
Pope's trap, for he had said " publicly " that '' he did 
not intend to take any step backward," and if he 
shouldn't, and Jackson kept on advancing, it was 
very clear that we would have to join Pope or break 
up before long. Plis columns were very numerous, 
and his batteries crowned every hill on the other side 
of the Rappahannock, but in spite of it all we moved 
up to Beverley's ford on the 2ist, and all day long 
the booming cannon and bursting shells kept up the 
concert. On the 22d we moved up the river, over 
the Hazel to Freeman's ford, but this was strongly 
guarded too, so we went on to Warrenton Springs. 
Gen. Jackson had evidently been reading another 
newspaper, and it looked to us now as if he was bent 
on finding out if Pope had any rear.'' Gen. Early 
crossed the river here with his brigade, and, by the 
way, it is a noticeable fact that both Lee and Jackson 
were prompt to select our brigadier, " Old Jubilee," 
his men called him, for delicate and dangerous 
operations ; but the rains descended and the floods 
came, and it looked mighty dark for Early, with only 
one brij^ad^, in the midst of the v/hole army of the 
" Great Annihilator," and cut off from all help by the 
foaming, bankful Rappahannock, but he held out till 
Jackson got a bridge built, and came out of the lions* 
den, like Daniel of old, with never a scratch on him. 



84 

Gen. Lee, by aid of the papers and order-book o id 
Pope, brought in by Stuart when he went after hisL 
hat, now planned a magnificent scheme for flankin^Jri 
towards the left and getting in the enemy's rear, ancip 
of course- '* Stonewall" must lead the movement, anc 
away we went on Monday, 25th August, througH 
Amissville, over the river at Hinson's ford, by Or-'^ 
leans, in Fauquier, to Salem, on the M. G. R. R. 

I have before alluded to the reprehensible practice 
of deception by this ''blue light" Presbyterian elder: 
in his military operations, but on this occasion he^ 
out-did himself, and grossly deceived John Pope — 
Major-General, Sec. — as to his real purpose. He gave 
out, incidentally, that he was moving to the Valley ; 
and, to fix this impression in the mind of the greati] 
commander of the "Army of Virginia," who was: 
"careless of lines of retreat," and who "took no: 
step backwards," he sent out couriers with curiously 
written dispatches to the effect that his movement! 
was a Valley one, and actually caused these couriers^ 
to take routes by which he knew some of them wouldl 
be captured, and their papers fall into the hands oft 
Gen. Pope, which actuall}^ occurred, and by suchi 
false pretenses relieved that great General's mindl 
of any further trouble in regard to the Rel?el column,! 
which his signal posts reported to be moving towards.! 
the Blue Ridge. It was a 7noving column, truly, andi 
taking "nigh cuts," across lots, we got to Salem ati; 
midnight, without a straggler, and still marching. 
On the 26th we walked through Thoroughfare Gap 
and "lurked," with "disaster and shame," right down 
on Manassas Juncti-on, leaving Maj.-Gen. Pope still 
operating on the Rappahannock, under the deludedl 



85 

lea that Jackson had run off to the Valley, and he 
^as about to dispose of what Rebels were left in his 
^ont, take Richmond, and sweep right on to New 
Orleans. 



ut— 



" At midnigiit in his guarded tent, 
The Turk was dreaming of the hour," etc. 

" At midnight in the forest shades, 
Bozzaris ranged his Sulite band." 



History repeats itself, and we have only to wait to 

>e that — '* the thing which is„ is that which hath 

:en, and there is no new thing under the sun." 

We had marched fast and long, and had also fasted 

ng, but when the vast magazines of supplies, cap- 

ired right between Pope and Washington City, were 

Dcned to us, the boys hardly knew what to lay 

mds on first in the way of eatables. No pen can 

iscribc the rollicking antics of Jackson's men, as 

ey revelled among the good things spread in prodi- 

il profusion around them — in army goods and sut- 

r stores. It was more than funny to see the raggedy 

•ugh, dirty fellows, who had been half living on 

asted corn and green apples, for days, now drinking 

hine wine, eating lobster salad, potted tongue, cream 

scuit, pound cake, canned fruits, and the like ; and 

ling pockets and haversacks v/ith ground coffee,. 

oth-brushes, condensed milk and silk handkerchiefs. 

he captures at Manassas are thus summed up, in 

eneral Jackson's report : '* Eight pieces artillery, 

venty-two horses and equipments, three hundred 

•isoners, two hundred negroes, two hundred new 

nts, one hundred and seventy-five extra horses, ten 

\ comotives, two railroad trains loaded with stores 



86 

worth several millions of dollars, 50,000 lbs. bacoitii 
1,000 barrels of beef, 20,000 barrels pprk, severa; 
thousand barrels of flour, and a very large quantitt 
of sutler's stores." The folks at Washington madi 
•an effort to save it, by sending Gen. Taylor, with hii 
brigade of New Jersey troops, by rail, to drive u, 
awaj' ; but the "Old Blue Hen's Chickens'' were nc| 
strong enough to whip the " Stonewall Gray Jackets; 
out of that place, for we got together, with our gun;- 
killed the General and tore the brigade to atom] 
Jackson always said his men would fight for som«| 
thing to eat. 

This was the morning of the 27th., and we pretti 
soon learned that Gen. Pope had been notified th?, 
his army supplies, " in his rear," were in danger, f(( 
his whole army came tro.oping back in clouds, amj 
we had to pack up and move out. So we filled up ai 
we could carry of the good things and fired the bai 
ance. It was hard on us to see so much good eatt 
IdIcs burned up, but it made a splendid blaze, and w 
knew Pope's army couldn't fight without rations. (\ 
course all manner of rumcTrs and reports were flyiri 
around among the soldiers, and we believed all v 
lieard — a little — but most of them were spoken of " 
reports by grapevine telegraph," an expression dene 
ing lack of faith in their reliability ; and, speaking 
the telegraph reminds me of the prompt action tak^ 
by a keen cavalrym.an of, I think, Col. Munforc 
regiments, at Manassas. He kad never seen a tel 
graph instrument before, and came upon one he 
which was ticking away in fine business style, and, 1. 
his excited imagination, it was some "infernal rr 
chine" arran?:ed .to explode the magazine or sOrr 



87 

ing, and perhaps kill the whole army. Taking the 
alter and its consequence in at a glancfe, he gallantly 
solved to sacrifice himself to save his comrades, 
id springing upon it, with the suddenness of a tiger,. 
) kicked the m.ysterious ticker to atoms with his 
g boots, and rushing out of the office, exclaimed — 
Boys f they was a tryin' to blow us up, but I seten 
eir triggers a w^orkiii' and busted 'em." 
About this time Pope began to use his ''grapevine 
legraph " quite freely, and when Gen. Ewell used 
e 6th and 8th Louisiana regiment and the 6oth 
eorgia, at close range, to hold the two leading 
•igades Of the Federal army in check, until the 
uff at Manassas was all destroyed — and held his 
"ound so obstinately, by aid of the cavalry regi- 
ents of Colonels Munford and Rosser, (2nd and 5th 
irginia), that Pope got his army in line for a general 
igagement, when Ewell withdrew his little force,, 
aving Gen. Early, with his brigade and the cavalr}^ 
protect his rear, and retired to Manassas ; GerL Pope 
imediately telegraphed to Washington that he "had 
uted and cut off Jackson and his whole force ;"" 
hich was fully believed all over the North, and not 
ng afterwards he telegraphed to Baltimore to "make 
om for Jackson and i6,0C'O prisoners," which he 
pad bagged," as he called it- 

^The Federal army could not stand the destruction 
j stores at Manassas, and when Fitz. Lee struck out 
r Fairfax C. H., with his cavsalry, preventing supply 
ains coming from. V/ashington, Pope was in a con- 
tion to be starved in the open field, sortiething 
most unheard of in military history of superior 
Tnies, and his main apology^ — npart from the Fltz- 



88 

John Porter "scape-goat" business — for his defeat atin: 
Manassas was the want of rations for his men andji, 
forage for his horses. nii 

It always seemed to the folks who were looking atuc 
the campaign the "invincible annihilator " of Lee's 
army was premature in " discarding lines of retreat 
and bases of supplies " so promptly in the beginning 
of his operations, because we all thought " Stone- 
wall " was the man to attend to those little matters: 
for him ; and the shadow of Jackson did rest heavily 
on Pope's army when it entered Manassas on the 28th 
August. 

At this time, v/hile fighting and manoeuvering ta 
hold our own until Gen. Lee could get to us with thee^li 
balance of the army, a shell was thrown into oun[ 
ranks from the Warrenton Road, exploding in Com- 
pany C, of the 52d Regiment, which killed andi 
wounded eighteen men, seven of them being killed on|t 
the spot. Among the wounded by this fatal shelll 
was Col. James H. Skinner, of Staunton, Va., com 
manding the regiment. Col. Skinner was afterwards^ 
wounded at Gettysburg by a shell which exploded onij} 
the ground in front of him, and blinded for severall 
months by the dirt and gravel thrown into his eyesj 
In the battle of Spottsylvania C. H., Col. Skinner; 
was again wounded by a musket ball, which passed! 
through both his oyes. ii- 

The 28th v/as the day Pope concentrated, as well 
as he knev/ hov/ to do it, his whole army of 50,000! 
men en Jr.ckson'? ?2,ooo, but the modern Caesar wasi 
no match in generalship for our "Stonewall," whoJJi 
was now engaged i 1 the " overt act of war " right be-1 
tween Pope and his capital city, and only a day's ? 



89 

irirdi froTu Iv. But I shall not attempt any descrip- 
luji of the three days' battle of Memassas No. 2, in 
hich tlie shallow, braggart, persecutor of Virginia 
omen and children- — John Pope— *\vas whipped, and, 
5 far as far as fame and character are concerned, 
ersonally aanihilated— *' the deserter desolate/' Nor 
:ive' I any apology for expressing so much of an 
pinion of him, which, so far as my knowledge goes, 

shared by all decent people North and South, by 
is own soldiers as well as ours ; and moreover, the 
reat marauder of hen-roosts, milk-houses and ward- 
)bes is still living: 

' Wc used- to notice one curious, difference between 
\c Northern and Southern generals during the war. 
lieir coirananding generals of armies and array corps 
n battle -days kept at their headquarters, long dis- 
mce from the field, and using their well-appointed 
:aff officers and couriers exclusively in communrca- 
ng their orders to the troops, while the Southern 
en era) s were up among their men, directing an<i 
radiug tlieir movements, and encouraging them at 
le critical points. 

I am sur^^ that if the Northern soldiers liad been 
nis led and handled, so they could have had the 
ime confidence in their generals the Southern men 
ad, they would have ended the war in less than four 
ears. Everything else being equal, one man is as 
ood as another, but one soldier, having confidence 
i his commander, is worth ten half-hearted fellows, 
4io liave little faith in their generah and only see 
ini at review. We did not have the same dis(;ipline 
-in regard to our generals anyhow-^^that the North- 
rn army had, and ours did not make the same dis- 



90 

piay of ^' fuss and feathers " with brilliant staff officers, 
nor require, the same flourishing of caps and saluting 
with arms presented whenever they met us. Ours' 
met spontaneous salutes of cheers right from thei 
hearts, of their admiring soldiers, and I have seen) 
Jackson, Ewell and others, do some very hard riding; 
bareheaded, along the columns 'to escape the noisjjj 
h-omage of their devoted followers. j! 

Any schoolboy would have known that Pope's! 
proper course was to crush Jackson's corps out o)' 
existence, and then turn on Longstreet and' perform 
the same service for him — Gen. Lee's disposition o): 
his army having put it in the power of the Federa}; 
commander to do this easily ; biit Gen. Lee knew hi<: 
man thoroughly, and trusted fully to his blundering^ 
incompetency to admit Longstreet to march his corps: 
through Thoroughfare Gap and unite with Jackson at' 
Manassas, which was done by the 29th. True, Gen'i' 
Pope defends himself by bringing charges of "delay,' ■ 
"inefficiency/' and even disloyalty against Gen. Por-'' 
ter and dihers; but the rejoinders of these officersi 
backed by clouds of witnesses, are fatal to General' 
Pope's ciiaracter for generalship and veracity, ancc 
the fact remains perfectly clear that he was out- gen*' 
eraied and out-fought by "Stonewall the Great.'' 
Gen.Uiysses S.Grant in his last days, after he had taken; 
the. time to examine the case against. Porter, fully vin-.' 
diccited him and kft Pope's reputaidn beyond redsmp-' 
tion.. But the " boys in blue " made a splendid fight; 
and attacked pur position in charge after charge, only' 
to be driven back with slaughter, and when General 
Early found they had gotten possession of the rail-; 
road cut Irnm.ediately in. his front, he promptly at-' 



9^ 

Lcked Ihcm, drove "them out and for two l.i- uJrcd 
ards into the woods. Here occurred a personal 
latter which afforded Die much pleasure in after 
ears, though at tlie lime only done under the 
r9mpti ngs of humanity. As we pressed across the 
iilroad bank, where lay' numbers o( dead and 
'ounded Federals, I inadvertently stepped on the 
)ot of a wounded man, which brought a groan of 
pin, and I asked his pardon for the accident. Aftei- 
pr line halted — which was in a short distance — -T re- 
irned to the poor fellow, gave him water, and "asked. 

I could do anything for him. He v/as very ^rate- 
ul, but thought nothing could be done tlven ; ho3v- 
ver, I asked niy captain, Ayrehart, a 'noble-sou'ied 
[hristian gentleman, to assist me, and we m.oved the 
[lan to a rfiore comfortable position under a tree, 
'here Captain Ayrehart, who had considerable knov^r-^ 
tdge of surgery, dressed his wounds, and I did what 
^ could to make him comfortable, and, after excharig- 
ig slips of paper with our names written on them, T 
ejoined my company, and in the busy .scenes then 
nd afterwards being enacted almost forgot the inci- 
dent. 

1 In 1885 I was canvassing for a bock,.- tryin:^; to 
pake a living for a certain " one-legged rebcJ,".and 
)und myself in Jonesbo'ro, Tennessee. In the course 
f business I called on a Mr. Locke, of that tov/n-^ 
ut I will give the account as it v\^is published in- tl^e 
bnesboro Hcr.ald and Trijbunc oi May 15th, 188; . 

''Only a fev.-- weeks age it vs-as telegraphed' over the 
ountry that Bill Arp, the noted Georgia -humorist, 
ad received from Pennsylvania an autograph aibum 
lat had been taken from his wife's (then hi? sweet- 



'' i 

heart) house more than twenty years ago. Last wcckli 
a much more '-emarkablc inci<,le:u happened in Jones-I 
boro. On Wednesday, Mr. John S. Rob.son, of Vir-i; 
ginia, and formerly a member of the 5 2d regiment oil) 
that State, in the Confederate service, came here toll 
canvass for the sale of a book he is publishing, givingj 
incidents of tlie camp and march, as he .^aw them. | 
" Mr. Robson had but one leg, having contributecil 
the other to his side of the game, in one of the battles:] 
of 1864. In the course of tiie day he met Mr. J. C: 
Locke, a citizen of Jonesboro. As soon as' Mr/' 
Locke observed the missing leg he remarked to Mr;; 
Robson that he ( Locke)' had also lost a leg in the war,! 
mentioning the engagement, the 2nd battle of Bullj 
Ruii, August 29th, 1862. I\ir. Locke tlien began to) 
tell of the kind treatment he had received that day>i 
from a young Ileb el named R.obson. 'Why!' ex^ 
claimed -Mr, Robson,'*! am the young Rebel ihatl 
took care o'f yon that day.' And sure enough he was^i 
A comparison of incidents established the fact beyond] 
a doubt. Mr. Locke was a member of Company K 
lOOth Pennsylvania (Floundhead'; regiment. \n t]\'< 
second engagement at Bull Run he was badly 
wounded in th"fe leg, just as his command was forcedi 
to fall back. While stretched upon the field, in the[ 
agonies of a v;'our:d that was to cost him his leg, hei 
was approached by a bLsyish-lookingrebel, who asked] 
him if he would not like to be moved to a more com-i 
fortable place, at the sam-j time offering to have hisi 
wounds dressed by his omcer, Capt. Ayrkart, who| 
had some knowledge of surger)-. The young Rebell 
adyised ■LcK:ke ^that if he udd anything in his knapii 
sack which lie care J to preserve ho had better put il 



93 

1 his bloii:^fi pO'-kot, This he did, pre.-sentitip^ his 
Lebt:! sav^'or with a razvr from a shaving outfit he 
arried. When the woi nd-rd Federal was comforta- 
jy fixed, the two soldirr, parted, each writing down 
le other's name. Tlie RehcJ \vas Mr. John S. Robson. 
"The two men never met or heard of each other 
•om that da)'' iintil Wednesday of last week, though 
ley had often thought of one another. Of course 
ae meeting was a happv' one, for it was the renewal 
jf an undying friejidshin, formed in the midst of 
far's carnage. No doubt, duri.f\g' the rebellion, there 
ccurred many i'lcidents similar to the nobility ex- 
jibited by tlie Virginian to the Pennsylvanian, but it 
i rare the actors meet, as our two soldiers did, after 
many years have iiitervenv-:d." 



CHAPXBR IX. 

I have straggled again but will join the march once 
lore. After Manassas we turned our faces towards 
le Potom.ac, and had more hard marching before us, 
hd scant rations again. The roasted corn and green 
ppies had not given out yet, but our wagon trains 
died to get up, and we longed for t^ie quantity of 
ood things that were burned up at MarJassas. Our 
hiarch led us into Loudoun county, Virginia, and 
qre we fared better than among the pines and red 
ullies of Prince William. At our camp near I.ees- 
urg, a good story of McLaws' men got out. It 
sems that when Gen. McLaws' division went into 
ivouac, hunger, had got the better of their morals, 



94 

and many of them made a raid on. a cornfield f ■ 
rations. The owner called on the General to prote 
iais property, and he ordered guards to surround tl 
field, arrest every man coming out with corn ar 
bring him and his plunder to headquarters. It \vi 
not long until the " pirouters " began to appear, unci 
guard, in the presence of the irate commander, ar 
as each one, with his arm load of corn, halted befoi 
him, the General opened on him like this : " Whc: 
did you get that corn ?" and the culprit would begin': ^ 
*'Why, General,! had nothing to eat for three da\- ^ 
and I didn't know when the wagons would come"- 
but there the General stopped him with the orde 
" Put it down there on the ground and go join yo- 
command immediately!" This ^movement, beir 
many times repeated, caused quite a large pile of co: : 
to grow up in front of the General's quarters, and in- 
answer to the savage-toned query — "What are yc • ' 
going to do with that corn?" everyone made tliC, 
same excuse of "hungry," "wagons not come u-^, [ 
&c.," and in each" case the order was, "throw it dowa, 
on that pile and go join your comimand immediately. 'v. 
Finally, one "gray jacket," who had "caught on " td,^ 
the manner and form of the proceeding, was brought' j 
up and accosted fiercely, with the cjuestion : " What ^ 
are you going to do with that corn ?" "Why, sir " 
said the culprit, brisl^ly, " I'm going to throw it do^ 
on that pile thar, and ^o and join my comm^acd imn: 
jitly, I ajn r The General broke down, the guar, 
roared, and the cute Reb. slid out " immejitly," but 
the quarterm.aster took charge of the corn and issued it 
to the men, who made it last until the wagons canie 
up with rations. 



95 

On the 5th September we crossed. the Potomac at 
White's Ford, ancf stood on Maryland soil, but it was 
nly a i-emnant of the '* Army of Northern Virginia" 
lat went over. Thousands of our boys had lagged, 
orn out, bare-footed, sick, hungry, they could not 
eep up, and so, from actual necessity, twenty thou- 
and men o^ Lee's army staid in Virginia and crept as 
est they could, to the rendezvous indicated to them 
the General for a rallying point — Winchester. We 
ot to Frederick City on the 6th, and behaved our- 
elves like good boys, while the good people of 
laryland' treated us very kindly ; but there was no 
oubt about our hjLving struck them at v the w^rong 
me or place. We Rebels didn't liave many songs 
eculiarly our owti. We had no '* Yankee Doodle," 
" Star Span.gled Banner," no '* Hail Columbia," no 
Tramp, Tramp, The Boys are Marching," no "John 
Irown's Body Lies a Moldering in the Clay," no 
Rally Round the Flag, Boys," like our blue-backed 
lends over the way. . We had our old stand-by, 
.Dixie "-^good yet — and "Bonnie Blue Flag," but 
e had another — " Maryland, My Maryland" — which 
p to this time we had sung with a good deal of hope 
nd vim, for this song asserted positively that, " She 
reathes, Shjp Burns, She'll Come, She'll Come," etc., 
ut it didn't take "us generals " of , the ranks very 
)ng to .see that there v/as a mistake about it some- 
here, "Some one had blundered," for she diant 
come,'' worth a cent ; and the people of this-portion 
[ Maryland didn't flock to the " Bonnie Blue," in 
£fe;^nce of Southern rights quite as unanimously as 
ehad been, led to expect — according to_ the song— ^ 
Jt everthing was grand, and the invasion a pl<^asure 



A^%\^ 



90 

trip, so long as we knew ^J-ajor-Geaeral Tope ront'-^ 
niande;] the ''boy.^ iablue." 

However, we soau leaniod that '* LiU'c Mac" .'. . . 
again at the head of the army, and then the idea or 
curred to '* us genera i:^ " that our ?vl.aryhii\d busine > 
had better be attended to promptly . We were no, 
much afraid of L-hein, btit they might intimidate vwc 
Maryland folks, and preverit tl:ieni, to riome exten:,,. 
from joining us; and moreover, \\ hile we fully in-l^ 
tended to locate our winter quarters oa the Susqi; 
hanna, we wished lo enjoy otsrsehes a little v*hi 
in this plentiful country, and get some fat on our 
bones before l)i"eaking up another arnv.- for General 
McCiellas. 

It is not iurprisiiig, I think, that v^iC Maryland 
folks looked uith some doubt and distrust of hnal 
succeiss upon the army of rag-tag-andd."5obtail which 
Gen. I.ee marched into their midst. These might be 
the gallant soldiers o{ " Dixie " \\\\o had vanquished 
the great geia erals of the Nortli in the Valley of V'i 
ginia, the swamps of the Chickahominy and on the 
plains of Manassas, but they didn't look like it. 
Those tattered battle-ilags mio'ht ije crowned with the 
glory of Kernstown, McDowell, Front Royal, Crosfs 
Keys, Port l-lepttblic, Seven Pines, Cold Harbour and 
the Seven Days', Cedar Run, Bristoe; Manassas Nos'. 
1 and 2, but it didn't appear to those Maryland eyes. 
Nor could they see the scalps oi Milroy, Shields 
Fremont, Banks, McDowell, McClellan, and Pope, 
which swung from the belt of the A. N. V. The ap 
pearance of the army didn't justify the faith in those 
deeds, and notwithstanding the gate was open and 
th^ bars down, they w^ouldn't walk into the Confed-* 



97 

racy j^et. And, since Maryland wouldn't fall into 
ne v/ith her Southern sisters, we determined to move 
n to the North, but before doing this Gen. Lee 
lought it advisable to take Harper's Ferry back into 
le Confederate States at any rate, and on the lOth 
eptember he sent " Stonewall " to attend to that lit- 
e matter, and we went along. 

We marched by Boonsboro to Williamsport, reach- 
ig Martinsburg on the 12th, capturing a large quan- 
ty of stores from Gen. White at that place, and 
ending him with his folks to join Gen. Miles in 
larper's Ferry so that we could get them all at once. 
)n the 13th we reached Bolivar, and waited until 
kns. McLaws and Walker — the first on the Mary- 
jind and the second on the Loudoun Heights — an- 
|\vered our signals. The v/hole United States force 
t the Ferry was estimated at 11,000, with plenty of 
avalry and artillery. On Monday morning, 15th 
September, '' Stonewall," having the bird in hand, 
losed his fingers on it by opening a concentric fire 
f artillery from all commanding points on the Fed- 
bal forts and camps, thus illustrating the opinion 
xpressed by Gen. Jo. Johnston in '61, of Harper's 
jerry as a strategic point. At that time the Rich- 
lond government desired him to hold the place 
gainst Patterson, the Federal general, but John::,ton 
ifused, saying that he didn't propose to be " penned 
1 the mouth of a tunnel," but this is exactly the pre- 
icament Gen. Miles found himself in, and Gen. 
^^hite had ''brought his ducks to the same market." 
About an hour of this cannonading brought a white 
g out on the enemy's works, and Harper's Ferry 
^as ours. Gen. Miles was killed at the moment the 



98 

Qm,g was displayed, and Gch. White made the surren 
der, which actually included i i,ooo prisoners, I3,0CX'( 
small arms, 73 cannon, 200 wagons, and an immensct 
amount of camp and garrison furniture. As soon a; 
Gen. Jackson knew the enemy had given up the fighi 
he laid down by a log and went to sleep ; thoroughly 
worn out with fatigue and loss of sleep. Gen. A. P 
Hill brought Gen. White out to see bim, and waking^ 
him up, announced: "General, Gen. White, of ilia 
United States Army, desires to arrange the terms o)l 
surrender." Jackson made a courteous movement 
A^ith his hand, and went back to sleep. Gen. Hilll 
reused him a second time, and then "Stonewall' 
said : " General White the surrender must be uncon 
ditional, every indulgence can be granted afterwards.' 
That ended it, for he was asleep again, and Hil 
walked back with White, but when his nap was outt 
he was himself again, and accorded, the most gener-i 
ous terms to his captives. 

Our next difficulty was of a much more seriouss 
nature, for McClellan was mustering his army alt 
Sharpsburg, on the Antietam ; and " us generals "" 
freely expressed our unfeigned regret that Major- 
General J. Pope had been superceded. 

We left Harper's Ferry on the i6th, and joined! 
Gen. Lee the same evening, and our commanders, oni 
both sides, were busy arranging for the big battle thatt 
was to come off tomorrow, as coolly as farmers get- 
ting ready to plant corn. It was no new business toj 
us now — for the novelty was all worn off — but we 
did wish for our twenty thousand stragglers in Vir- 
ginia. The ball opened^at daylight, on the 17th, and 
as one old soldier expressed it, "we fought all day, 



99 

befnre breakfast, and went on picket all aighjt before 
supper." "Fighting" Jo. Hooker was immediately 
in front of Jackson's line, anybody that complained 
of employment that day was hard to satisfy. 

The thing got very hot among the battery boys, 
after the preliminary skirmishing had cleared the 
floor for the dance of death ; but about sunrise the 
infantry advanced in heavy force, their batteries mov- 
ing forward with them and pouring grape and canis- 
ter among us at close range. This trouble lasted for 
some time, and then Hooker threw his whole column 
suddenly against our line, and the firing was heavy 
and incessant. The object was to turn Gen. Lee*s 
left, but for more than two hours Jackson's men sus 
tained the almost overwhelming assaults of the best 
troops McClellan had, and he sent heavy reenforce- 
ments to Hooker, so that this wing of our army 
might be driven back and Gen. Lee forced to retreat. 
More than half o( our men were killed or wounded 
and then, to crown the trouble, our ammunition gave 
out. Our two division commanders were gone, Gen. 
Starke killed - and Gen. Lawton, of our division, 
wounded ; and every regimental commander in two 
brigades were killed or wounded. 

Gen. Jackson himself gave the order to *' retire 
slowly," which we did, and the movement seemed to 
inspire ** Fighting Jo's " men, and they crowded us 
hotter than ever, but now Gen. Hood came to our 
support with his two Texas brigades, and then the 
fight begun. Up hill and down, through the woods 
and the corn-fields, over the ploughed land and the 
clover, the line of fire swept to and fro as one side or 
the other gained a temporary advantage. Gen. Sum- 



ner's corps came to *^ Fighting Jo's" assistance/^nd ( 
now it seemed that Jackson would have to give wayJ,|( 
which, if he did, would decide the battle in favor ofl;i 
the Federal army; but he still hung on with the 
tenacity of a buil-^Iog, and just at the last moment 
his relief came in the brigades of Semmes, Anderson, 
and part of Barksdale's and McLaw's divisions., 
These men got quickly iiito line, and pretty soon; 
Jackson rushed everything forward in a determined! 
charge, which compelled Hooker's men to surrender: 
all the ground they had gained from us, and pressing^ 
on we forced them from and beyond the woods for 
more than a mile. Of course our whole army had 
been fighting hard all day to prevent McClellan's 
^ men from crossing at the variou-s bridges over tlie 
/ Antietam creek, and more than two hundred cannon 
were thundering along that line all the time, but Gen. 
McCleilan's report shows that the result of his as- 
saults on Jackson's position was regarded by him asii 
decisive of the battle; but Jackson did not stop at; 
regaining and holding his original position, but: 
.^ moved forward promptly with Gen. Stuart's cavalry ' 
-^ in front, and attempted to turn McClellan^s right. 
^^ This movement he was compelled to stop, however, 
because the enemy's batteries so completely swept: 
the narrow passage between their right Hank and the"' 
Potomac that he would not expose his men to their 
fire. 

More than once during this battle Jackson's men 
had held on until they had fired their last round, and 
each time help came to hold the line of battle unt.l 
we could fill our cartride-boxes again, and the battlej 
ended at darkj We ^staid on the J?iittie-ground alii 



2 



lOl 

jiay, in line, waiting for Gen. ^ix^^L^ncm .-:, ui-jy. 
[pome again, but they didn't do it, and at night, on the 
:8th, crossed the river into Virginia again. 

The invasion was ended, and we decided ?/c?/ to 
Ivinter on the Susquehanna, perhaps because it was 
;oo far north for us, and we feared the climate would 
lot agree with us, but when Gen. McClellan sent a 
:olumn over the river at Shepherdstown, on the 20th,. 
;o beat up our quarters and keep us from resting, we 
et A. P. Hill and Gen. " Jubilee " Early go see about 
t, and when they got there it was Very troublesome 
or awhile, but our boys drove them into the river 
Arhere a great many were drowned. By their own 
iccount one division lost 3,000 killed and drowned. 
Dur loss was 261, and v;e got 300 prisoners. 

Gen. Lee'5 army lost at Sharpsburg ^,^€,0 men, 
billed and wounded ; Gen. McClelian's army lost 
[2,469, killed and wounded. What" a commentary 
)n v/ar, for it was a ^a^wn battle ! 

^'^-^^^-^ CHAPTBR X. 




I nnai:hat 1 am consuming too much space in ni}'^ 
ittempt to keep my story going along, in a consecu- 
:ive line, vv'ith the history of the operations of Jack- 
jon's men, for it of necessity, comes into connection 
kVith what was done by the whole army, and yet, in 
'oilowing out my original plan, I cannot avoid it. I 
lave also to deal.somev/hat with the operations of the 
sneniV'% for the story of a war v.ith no reference to 
whM^ViiQ fellows .over the fence did^would out Ham- 



102 

let oJd Hamlet himself, if there was no Hamlet. 
However, the. campaigns of 1862 were now aboul 
€nded, and we spent the gloriously beautiful month 
of October in our own beloved Valley of the Shenan- 
doah — resting, getting fat and strong, and that wai 
the happiest time we ever spent during the four years, 
We did very little except camp duty, unless the de- 
struction of all the railroads in our vicinity might bee 
•called duty; and "Stonewall" seems to '* go for^' aa 
railroad like the fellow who killed the splendid Ana- 
conda in the museum because "it was his rule to kill 
snakes wherever he found them," just because it wass 
his rule to destroy all railroads he could get at ; andl 
we demolished the Baltimore and Ohio from Hedges-; 
ville to Harper's Ferry ; the Winchester and Potamacc 
we swept entirely off the face of the earth ; but itt 
never was much of a railroad anyhow, and thee 
Manassas Gap, from Strasburg to Piedmont. 

" Stonewall " was the grand object of all the sight- 
seers, and much curiosity was evinced by strangers? 
to get a look at l;iim. In Martinsburg, where the? 
ladies crowded around him, he said : " Ladies, tkis is^ 
the first time I was ever surrounded ;" but they cutt 
nearly all the buttons off his clothes — stripped his^ 
■coat entirely — and took from hjm "his mangy oldl 
cap," as Gen. Dick Taylor called it,- giving him, in- 
stead, a handsome, tall, black hat, but he damaged I 
that as much as he could by turning the brim down 
all around wearing it so. 

In November, when we w^erc marching through 
Middletown on our way to Fredericksburg, a very 
old woman, who had a grandson somewhere in the 
<irmy, hailed the General with the question — "Are 




I03 

yOH Mr. Jackson ?" He' told h-er h£ wa/, and aske4 
what she wanted. '* I want to see my grandson, I've 
brought him some clothes and victuals. His name 
is George Martin, and he belongs to y®ur company !" 
The General asked her what regiment or brigade he 
was in, but she couldn't tell, didn't know the name 
of his captain even, only knew he was in Mr. Jack- 
ion's company. 

In her distress, she exclaimed — ** Why, Mr. Jack- 
son, you certainly know little George Martin ! he's 
been with you in all your battles, and they do say he 
fit as hard as any of them." 

At this, some of the younger members of the staff 
laughed, but the General turned quickly around, with 
I blaze in his eye and a thunder cloud on his brow, 
md that laugh didn't go around— wasn't enough of 
it; for Jackson looked as if he v-/anted to find the 
party who laughed, but the party wasn't laughing then. 

Dismounting from his horse, he took the old wo- 
man's hand, whose tears were rolling down her face» 
and in the kindest manner, and simplest words, ex- 
plained why he didn't know her grandson ; but gave 
her such simple and complete directions as would 
enable her to find him. We didn't think any the less 
of " Stonewall," for such foolishness as this of course, 
but we wanted to hear those Staff fellows laugh 
some more. 

It is hardly necessary to say that " Stonewall " had 
us at Fredericksburg on time, and on the 13th De- 
cember he wore a brand-new coat, staff buttons, stars, 
wreath and all, the same one shown i« nearly all the 
jSicturcs of Jackson I have ever frcifn, and his men 
hardly knew him at first. I am not going to tell 



104 

much about the battle of Fredericksburg. Every- 
body knows the story of it, from the bambardment 
•and burning of the town by Gen. Burnside's orders; 
to his last crossing, on the night when he took his 
shivered columns back to Stafford. No doubt but 
Burnside was fairly beaten and badly broken up, but 
1 am not going to criticise Gen. Lee for allowing him 
to get away with his a.rmy, for I am not a general any 
more, and the newspaper critics as well as fireside: 
generals have about used up that battle in their dis- 
cussion of it. 

Just here I will introduce a neat bit of satire fromi 
Gen. Lee himself, which seems to me to tell it all :; 
In a chat Vv'ith the Hon. Ben. H. Hill, he said, "We! 
made a great mistake in the beginning of our strug-- 
gle, and I fear, in spite of all we can do, it will prove: 
a fatal mistake." This was after Gen. Braf^cr hacfi 
been removed from command of the army of Tennes- 
see." " What mistake is that, General ?" asked Mr. 
Hill. ** Why, sir, in the beginnning we appointed all! 
our worst generals to command our armies, and all! 
our best generals to edit our newspapers. I have; 
done the best I could in the field, and have not suc- 
ceeded as I could wish. I am willing to y\e)A my 
place to these best generals, and I will do my best for 
the cause editing a newspaper. Even a§ poor a sol- 
dier as I am can generally discover mistakes after it; 
is all over, but if I could only induce these wise gen- 
tlemen v/ho *see theoi so clearly beforehand to com- 
mi-^n'-^a^e v/ith me in advance instead of waitino- 'intil 
the evil has co,me upon us, to" let iiie know what tkey 
knew all the time, it would be far better for the 
country." 



105 

After reading the above I have very little disposi- 
tion to criticise the actions of Gen. Lee in permittjitg 
Burnside's army to lay along the river for nearly two 
days, and on the night of the 15th December, under 
the terrible peltings of that awful storm, to get his 
remnants over the river again, but my memory of the 
situation at the time checks me, for I can see yet 
those splendid batteries of great, big, heavy cannon, 
planted on the heights of Stafford, which would have 
ground up many a " gray jacket" if our general had 
put us across the space from Marye's Hill to the 
Rappahannock, and, Icnowing that Gen. Burnside was 
effectually <!isposed of, I shall let the matter rest. 

His was one more/added to our list of scalps, but 
I am told that it was a matter of some uneasiness to 
General Lee. During the Revolution, so says Irving, 
General Putnam devi-sed a scheme to raid the British 
camp in New York .town and carry off in a boat no 
less a personage as prisoner than Sir Henry Clinton 
himself, the commander-in-chief of their army. This 
he communicated to Gen. Washington, who sent hi3 
aide, Col. Hamilton, to make an inspection, and re- 
port as to the feasibility of it. Hamilton performed 
his task and reported that the thing could be done 
pretty easily^ but recommended that the idea be at 
once given up. Washington, in surprise, inquired 
his re^ison, ancj Hamilton replied that we knew Sir 
Henry w^U and understood him perfectly, but that if 
he was removed his government might put a man in 
his place we did not understand, and who mig^t 
cause us a great deal more trouble than CHnton was 
doing. Gen. Washington saw the point, and gave 
orders to let Sir Henry alone. 

<3 



io6 

Gen. Lee said that he didn't lil-;e so many changes I 
of commariders of the Army of the Potomac, for they 
raig"ht find, a" man after awhile who he could not under- 
stand, andjt would cause trouble -for ns. 

The winter of 1862-3 ^^'^ spent in winter quarters 
below Moss' Neck, about ten miles below Fredericks- 
burg", in barely tolerable comfort ; a great deal of the 
time pi-cketing on the river near Port Royal, Vv'ith the 
enemi'e's"' pickets j'ujst opposite ours, and while I know 
there "was -k good deal of deserting going on from 
their'feide,^! do not think many of our men deserted. 
We had seen the M^Dowell-Scott campaign, by v/ay 
of Manassas, cut short quick — ^and we had heaVd and 
rertd of the^clatm.or raised by 'the Northern great 
Generals', *v/h'o edited their nowspapers, Vvhen McClel- 
lan to6k the' Peninsula route ; 'many of them in- 
sistingon a direct march by 'the Rappahannock .line, 
and Gen'. 'Burn side had given them that as much as 
they wanted ^ i\nd, like the'others, had come to g'ief. 
Of course' \;^ could not teM wdYat- thc;ir next move 
would be, but v/e expectc^d Gen. Lee to put us right 
in the foaci whenever the movement w?.s made, «nd 
we were 'very confidentof 'the result; bot the inex- 
'plicabie decree. oT Divine Pro\^idence, which men so 
often ^55ee; yt't cannot comprehend, v/as to be wrought 
fb rt^fuil completion; and now \vc k-aow ^wdrealize 
the good that' wis to' come, to lis out of the gloom 
and'bloo'-' -••' ■-■'^•'■--g ©f. tht2 affli-^-"^ " rc'^- -1 of 
civil war. ' - " V ' 

W'hen sprp'g came, and the roads becaaiO passable 
we began" to'.hc-ar from the boys in blue, on the other 
side-- of the Rappahannock ; how they had a new 
commander named-^^and rightly too — ^^^'ighting Jo 



I07 

llo' ker," and that their arm_y v/as-in better condition, 
better equipped, if possible, and. .more Hilly^.deter- 
; mined than ever to capture Richmond. Their Gene- 
f ral h.ad published^, to his troops, an order in'v/jiich'-he 
: called their attention to the fact that the "Army of 
the Potamac " was the "finest army on this, planet,'! 
and that" when he put them on the south bank of the 
Rappahannock, Gen. Lee's army. " must either inglo- 
riousiy fly, or come out from behind tlieir defences 
and give us battle on our own ground, where certain 
destruction awaits them." All of which sounded 
to us a good deal like the programme laid down by 
Major- General J. Pope, of bombastic memory. After 
the affair near ^ Harrisonburg, in the Valley" when 
Col. Sir Percy Wyndharahad assumed;- the- special 
business of "bagging Ashby," and iii putting the 
matter into execution, Iiad, by failure of some . part 
. of the arrangement, hetn snugly bagged himself; one 
of Ashby's staff, v/ho liad been 'a. prisoner at Col. 
Wyndliani's headquarters, and "heard his. boasting 
declarations of hovv he was going tp do it, made his 
escape, rejoined Gen. Ashby and gave him a full ac- 
count of Sir Percy's actings and. doings at the time 
he ::tarted on his "bagging expedition." 

Ashby remarked, "it Is bad habit in a commander 
to boast of what he is going to do- — especially zujuii 
dotSHt do //." 

"Plighting Jo" was no such commander as the 
great Julius C, Pope, however, for h;e made no v;ar 
on the women and children of the country, dominated 
by "the finest army on the planet." 'He said, their 
sitULition was bad enough, surrounded as they were 
by the urravoidable disconvforts naturally inhering to 



io8 



a .state of w^.r, without briaging the persecuting power 
of a military rule to bear upon them ; whicli senti-J 
nient contravens those oi General Tecumseh Sherman, 
when marching through Georgia, after armed resis- 
tance to his legion had ceased. His men burned all 
houses, and destroyed everything they could not 
carry away, leaving the helpless people utterly desti- 
tute ; and, \v-hen appealed to on the plea of common 
humanity, be replied : " War is cruelty and you can- 
not refifie iL" 

General Hooker commenced to move his army on 
Monday, April 27th, 1863, and, ot'cowrsQ, zve generals 
knew all about it immediately, and were wide-awake. 
We wished much that our "Old Warhorse/'^ General 
Longstreel, might be with us ; but as he was cam-i 
paigning in Tennessee, with his veteran corps of the 
centre, we. decided to use v/hat we had, and as the 
boys said — " give them the best we had in the shop " 

We had "been through the swamps of the Chicka- 
liominy, aiui ranged in many lands, but the Spottsyl- 
vania Wilderness was tlie worst for a battle ground 
that had boen presented to us up to this time. 

Ciianceilorsville, itself, consisted of a large brick 
mansion, udth ample wings ; and in the days of 
*' Auld Lang Sync " had been used as a tavern for the: 
entei't^inment of tra\ellers journeying to and fromi 
the busy t,>wn cA F'redericlcsburg, which rated then 
as one oi iLc m.ost prominent business centres of the 
country. That was all. the town of Chaucellorsville, 
just one house and the outbuildings. In front were 
extensive fields, but towards the river was the wilder^ 
ness — dej'Se, impassable for miles, and the most 
n:!ournfai appearing country, especially at night, I 



109 

had ever seea ; and it seemed a good place to die in^ 
where the interminable shado"v/s twined and laced 
with the mournful, melmcholy piping of the whip- 
poorwill ; and many a poor fellow did breathe out 
his life in those gloomy shades, with t|ie weird re- 
quiem of '' whlpporwill" filling all the space of 
sound about him. 

Gen. Lee had to check Hooker's march more by 
generalship and strategy than by fighting, for he 
hadn't enough men to meet him in the fieM. We 
soldiers of Dixie never set up any claim that the 
- arm.y of the Potomac wouldn't fight. That army 
7l'6>;//^/ fight ; always fought, and fought hard. They 
knew they had the advantage of numbers, but they 
also knev/ that they were badly handled by their gene- 
rals; a knowledge chat will take the heart out of a 
soldier quicker than want of ammunition ; but they 
drove right on, and I doubt if kmy other two com- 
manders than Robert E. Lee and "Stonewall" Jack- 
son, could have taken their sixty-seven thousand 
men and beaten the one hundred and fifty-nine thou- 
sand three hundred troops of " Fighting" Jo Hook- 
er's Army ; and Major-General Peck, of the United 
States Army, gives that as their nuaiber. 

No finer body of troops could be wished for by a 
general than Hooker then com.manded, nor could it 
possibly be better equipped — arms of every descrip- 
tion, of the latest and most approved styles and kinds ; 
and from the smallest items of clothing, all through 
the several departnrents of commissary, quartermaster, 
ordnance, engineer, medical, notliing that the most 
lavish expenditure of money, with open ports through 
which to draw from aP the world, was iarcking to fit 



no 

the grand army for this final struggle, as it was, then 
thought to be ; for it was pretty generally understood 
that Lee's army was the" backbone of the Confederacy, 
and that broken, the collapse would be inevitable. 

Now back to " StonewaU"" again, for the last time, 
May the 2d, 1863. My regiment was not with Jack- 
son in this fight, it being with that, gallant aijd stub- 
born old fighting soldier, Gen. Jubai A. Early, who, 
with his divisions, was at Fredericksburg, holding 
Sedgwick's force in clieck at that point. It seems to 
have been Hooker's design to_ demonstrate on our 
right with this army of Gen. Sedgwick, consisting of' 
the 1st, 3d and 6th corps, "Army of the Potomac," 
inducing Gen. Lee to suppose that the main move- 
ment was to be from that* dircctio'n, and after getting 
Lee to concentrate at Fredericksburg, he ( Gen. 
Hooker) v/ould move by Kelly's ford, twenty-seveni 
miles above, with the corps of Meade, Howard, Slo- 
cum and Couch, cross the Rapidian at Ely's and Ger- 
manna fords, turn Lee's left and strike for Gordons- 
ville, thus compelling our army to retreat rapidly on 
Richmond with Gen. Sedgwick in pursuit; and to: 
render his victory niore certain, he sent Gen. Stone-' 
man with ten thousand .cavalry on a raid towards 
Richmond to cut and break up Gen. Lee's railroad 
communication, and now he announced to his troop?^ 
that "the Rebel army is the legitimate propeily oi 
the Army of the Potomac." I suppose everybody 
has heard schoolboys quarrel, and noticed that just; 
oil the edge of a fight over a game of marbles one or 
the other would pipe up in a liigh-kgyed tone, " You 
don't know who you're foolin' with !" • And that 
comes pretty near expressing the condition of "Fight- 



in 

■ ^'^"^g" J^'" He didn't know who he was fooling with. 
^ One of the chief ''maxims of I'^apoleori " was that 
*' the first neces'sity of a -general is to study the char- 
acter of his opponent," and by this we know that 
; Hooker -was deficient in generalship, for he should by 
this time have been* suSciently acquainted with the 
character of Lee to understand thait he could not be 
.cheated by such bungling strategy as was no^v**dis- 
|- played, and further, when, after he had entrenched 
|himself at Chancellorsville, he learned that '* vStone- 
wa'lj " Jackson with a heavy force was in retreat to- 
wards Gordonsville, he should have judged that 
■vemeht' by Jackson's 'character as. it had been de- 
- i3ped in the war, and he would have understood 
l.perfectly what was brewing, for he knew that *' retreat 
» without a battle" was no. part of the man of Kerns- 
Itowfj's pltlos6phy",'-and that the soldier who had 
kcd McClelian out of the Chickabominy and Pope 
a the Rappab.annock, would be quite likely to at- 
^ternp.t the same strategy against General HT)oker. 

A Northern journal of that' tlrae, criticising G^n. 
Hooker's movements in the 'Chancellorsville cam- 
paign, says that " if General Lee had furnished Gen. 
Hooker with a plan it could not have been more to 
his liking, for he concentrated first on Hooker and 
then on wSedgv/ick, beating both by detail," 

A colonel in Hooker's army, who was captured 
.nd sent to 'Richra'ond -after this battle, related that 
ust beforb Jackson's guns opened on their flank, and 
ivhile they .v/ere talking about his retreat to Gordons- 
i^ille* the surgeon of the colonel's regiment offered to 
>et a hundr'ed dollars thef" Jackson would turn up in 
he rear," The colonel *it once took the bet, firmly 



112 

believing that such a move was utterly impossible, 
but it had hardly been closed when firing broke out 
** in the rear," the '* rebel yell " came ringing above 
the din of battle, " Howard's Flying Dutchmen '* 
broke like borses from "the woods, a ragged Confed- 
erate demanded theColoners surrender, and the sur- 
geon claimed the stalces. 

I shall not attempt any account of this battle, for 
I was on the right, and I know that Gen. Early ham- 
pered Gen. Sedgwick — eight thousand of us against 
twenty-four thousand " boys in blue " — long enough 
for Gen. Jackson to break up Hooker's lines and for 
Gen. Lee to drive them over the river and then come 
down to usj and thenGen. Sedgwick, when the night 
got dark enough to conceal his movements, retreated, 
by Banks' ford across the Rappahannock. The bat- 
tle was OA^er and the victory was ours, but it CQst us | 
dear. 

Out of our army we had lost in killed, v/ounded 
and captured, ten thousand, two hundred and eighty- 
one — fully one-fourth of what we had, while Hook- 
er's loss was seventeen thousand, one hundred and 
ninety- seven. 

But worse than all we had lost our General and 
hero, our idol — "Stonewall the Great" was gone 
from us forever, and the army was in mourning for 
the victory that had cost us our chief treasure. We 
had only one '^^^Stonewall," and Vv'e could not give 
him up. We wept for our loss ; no scldier thought: 
of pity for Jackson ; the soldiers left behind were 
more needy of sympathy. No man said "poor Jack- 
son," or grieved for Jiiin in sympathy. He was the 
*• Great," the " Glorious," the " Triumphant," walking; 



. ^vith ills God beyond the gates of paradise, but we 
were the bereaved ; <??/r staff was broken and our 
liearts were sad. Better it was for our General — we 
believed — to go hence and be at rest ; but woe hung 
over our souls like a cloud, and we could not see the 
light beyond as we can see it now. Let us put twice 
two together and see if they make four. Gen. Lee 
said — not long before his death — that if he could 
have had Jackson with him at Gettysburg he would 
liav^e beaten Gen. Meade's army, and Southern inde- 
pendence would have been established ; and it is 
tiniversally conceded that such a result would have 
surely followed a Southern victory there. 

Count that two. Now take Mayor Hewitt, of New 
York city, in the year of grace, 1888. He says, "it was 
the South, and not the North, that won in the war be- 
tween the States." Maybe the old Confederates will 
■ not agree v/ith him, but they would if they could 
[realize the immense progress the South has made, 
to the detriment of the North, since and in conse- 
quence of their surrender, and would conclude that 
the Secessionists, after all, "builded better than they 
jlcnew." Another broad-minded Northern man says, 
tin a speech at a dinner given by the Southern Society, 
:-at New York, on the 2 2d February, this year : 

"I have heard your fight spoken of as the 'Lost 
Cause,' It has paid you better than any other cause. 
The South never lost its cause. When everything 
the South held most dear was swept av/ay, and you 
were weeping in the valley of the shadow of death, 
you came to the resurrection which is making the 
South the garden of this land ; which is filling it 
^vith wealth won by the labor of freeman and not of 



114 

slaves. You never knew what you had until you lost 
the frail crop on which you had planted all your for- 
tunes. God had filled your land with every element 
of wealth, but it remained undeveloped in the pres- 
ence of the blight which you neither understood nor 
realized. Now you have turned your attention to the 
resources which God has given you, and the " irre- 
pressible conflict " is taking a new shape. It is a 
conflict between the manufacturing states of the North 
and the South, and victory is already perching on 
your banners, and before the lapse of the century the 
Southern States will far outstrip Pennsylvania and 
the manufacturing States of the North. It was the 
North that lost by the outcome of the rebellion, not 
you ; the victory of the North was, in reality, its de- 
feat.'' 

That is the other two. Add 'em up ! 

But we still have our " Stonewall " in memory*Si 
heart, as he lived,, fought, prayed and died for the in- 
dependence of our Southern land : died at the precise 
mom.ent of time and under the exact circumstances 
best calculated to perpetuate his glory and fame, 
which today belongs to our common country, North j 
and South, and we, his old veterans, were proud 
when at the unveiling of his statue in Richmond, on 
the 27th October, 1875, an almost universal congratu- 
lation came to us from our Northern brethren, and 
such words as these, from the Cincinnati E7iquir£f\ 
were echoed from the Northern press : 

" In truth, the character of Stonewall Jackson lifts; 
him above the narrow confines of state or even na- 
tional limits. His military genius elevates him 
among the great soldiers of tlie v/orld, among the 



115 

select few who belong to trie universal history of 
mankind. He was one of the few born soldiers with 
whom the conduct of battle was an inspiration, and 
whose prophetic eye always fixed upon the issue of a 
struggle as a certainty. Such men are too rare to be 
confined within the narrovi' pages of local history, 
too grand to be repressed by the weight of sectional 
hostility. They assert their right to universal appre- 
ciation and honor. We are rapidly approaching the 
point when all of us, both North and South, can. 
honor and respect a great name, no matter on which 
side it came to distinction." 

I find I am using too much space for the limits of 
my little book, and will add but little more, although 
my idea of the story I have to tell is barely half de-. 
veloped. but I propose to give after awhile th? b^U 
ance of the story, and trust to a generous public tc5 
, aid the one-legged rebel still further along his life 
journey. 



chapt:^r XI. 

I My closing chapter of this section of my story of 
^ " How a One-Legged Rebel Lives/' would not be 
complete without some personal reminiscence, and 1 
recall a true story of dismay and death which, to my 
then excited imagination, gave my life upon the altar 
of the bloody god of war, during the battle of Sharps-" 
burg. In the progress of that all-day, busy battle, 
the color-bearer of my regiment shot down, and I, 
with some difficulty, detached the death-grip of his 



ii6 

stiffening fingers from tlie staff and raising the colors 
carried them forward in their proper place, in the 
centre of our line. 

As we advanced I came upon a canteen which had 
been dropped by some one, and quickly snatching it 
up found it was filled, and with the fine instinct which 
distinguished the average Confederate soldier, con- 
cluded that it would be a very laudable scheme to 
convey that canteen and contents to where I was go- 
ing, and so slinging its strap over my shoulder, I 
pressed forward, and soon after was dropped by a 
bullet. I made an examination as soon as I could, 
and by the quantity of blood flowing from my 
wounded side was thoroir^^hly satisfied that my 
wound was mortal and my lime short. 

1 grew rapidly weaker, and after awhile a friend 
came to me with the intention of assisting me far 
enough towards the rear to get me in reach of a sur- 
geon, but I was, by this time, too weak to be moved 
in any other manner than on a stretcher, and my 
friend proceeded to try his surgical skill in checking 
tjie flow of blood. A short examination of the 
wound brought from him some decidedly emphatic 
language, and soon he assured me that I wasn't 
wounded at all, except in the canteen, and so it proved, 
for a bullet had gone through that canteen and its 
contents, running down my side clear to my shoes, 
gave me, in connection with the shock, the impression 
that it was life-blood, when in reality the canteen had 
been full of molasses. It was long before the boys 
gave up their chaff about blood and molasses. 

Since the war I have had many hard knocks in my 
efforts to get'a livifig, sometimes succeeding fairly, 



11/ 

but often the reverse. Yet still I managed it some- 
how. One venture, by aid of friends, was successful 
beyond my most sanguine expectations, and I was in 
a fair way to achieve a competency — furnishing sup- 
plies and running a boarding house on the Chesa- 
peake and Ohio railroad, but in the full tide of 
success the contractors failed, the hands were left 
without pay and m.y ! st ':>]! \r as s^.cpt away, but 
I paid my obligations with one hundrcJ cents to the 
dollar. 

I filled the office of constable for a considerable 
time, and my experience in that line was mixed with 
dark and bright color, but the gilding was scarce. 
I doubt if many country constables, in Virginia, ever 
achieved great wealth of sheckles. 

My best success has been in travelling with books, 
and I have found kind friends and much sympathy 
wherever I have gone, many, I know, only taking a 
book from me to help the one-legged Rebel, and 
many a hearty reception have I met from the old 
veterans of the Northern Army. " The bravest are 
the tenderest ; the loving are the daring," and it is 
easy to read the character of a soldier by his treat- 
ment of the maimed victims of the war. True, I 
have met many veterans who were on the down grade, 
and had little to help themselves with, but the hearty 
hand grasp and sympathetic greeting showed the soul 
v/ithin to be of the dauntless host of gallant soldiers 
of America, who believed that it was blessed to die 
for the right, and vvould go at blazing batteries, if 
necessary. 

I have found much kindness among the visitors to 
and patrons of the various watering places and sum- 



ii8 

mer resorts which I have canvassed, and always 
regardless of section or politics ; but I must lell of 
a gentleman from Michigan, whom I met in ^A^lrren- 
ton, Va., a few weeks ago. He was an old soldier 
from the "Wolverine" State, who had seen much 
service, but, in bad health, was wintering in V'irginia, 
and hearing of me, made me a call, and we had many 
pleasant, social and friendly chats. He made himself 
friends all around, and although much of the conver- 
sation was in regard to tlie war. and that too in the 
extreme ultra-southern town of Warrenton, the 
capital of Mosby's Confederacy, and called by the 
^rtat General Pope, the "South Carolina of Virginia." 
Yet my Michigan friend came out ahead nearly every 
round. One day a number of us, he among the rest, 
were discussing the war and fig'iting our battles over 
again, when " Michigan " remarked that he had killed 
a Rebel in the Valley, at the given date, then under 
discussion. This brought out a somewhat indignant 
remark from a young man in the party who demanded 
the particulars. " Well, Sir. " said * Michigan,' " I 
was over in tlie Shenandoah Valley with Sheridan, in 
'64, and I did the killing in one of our battles with 
General Early. It was on a very hot, dry day in 
August, and my regiment was trying to hold a ridge 
in an open field about a quarter of a mile in front of 
a woods. The Rebels were pressing us hotly ; which, 
together with the weather and want of water, made 
our situation very distressing, and when they finally 
advanced upon us with fixed bayonets, we jumped 
up and made for the woods. A Rebel soldier, who 
appeared to me to be about nine feet high, with a gun 
and bayonet the full length of a fence rail, was about 



119 

twenty yards from me when I started from the ridge, 
and on my rapid retreat to the woods I could hear his 
feet pounding the ground behind me, and apparently 
getting closer to me. I put on all the steam my 
boiler would carry, for I particularly didn't fancy the 
contact with that enormous bayonet, which the Rebel 
evidently intended to use on me, and I fairly flew. 
Pretty soon I noticed that his foot-falls were growing 
more indistinct, and with hope renewed I glanced 
back at him. That glance revealed to me my oppor- 
tunity, for overcome with the heat and rapid locomo- 
tion, which my speed made it necessary for him to 
use, he was just in the act of falling to the ground, 
and I then realized for the first time that I had killed 
a Rebel. He dropped stone-dead, and I reached the 
timber in safety. My comrades said the man ran 
himself to death, trying to catch me, but I shall always 
contend that I killed him with that last spurt." 

I myself have cause to remember campaigning in 
the Valley in 1864, for it was at the battle of Cedar 
Creek, on the 19th of October, that I received the 
wound which made me a one-legged Rebel. At this 
time I was acting as a courier for General John Pe- 
gram, commanding Early's old division, and this 
battle, sometimes called Belle Grove, was one of the 
most singular of the war. General Early planned it 
in order to prevent Gen. Sheridan from sending 
troops to Grant at Petersburg, and because of Sheri- 
idan's enormous superiority in numbers, he was com- 
pelled to operate by a surprise flank movement, which 
in conception and execution was equal to the most 
brilliant of Stonewall Jackson's pieces of strategy, 
and was completely successful in the early part of it, 



120 

our boys gallantly driving three corps of the enemy 
(the 6th, 8th and 19th) clear out of their camps, cap- 
turing fifteen hundred prisoners and eighteen pieces 
of artillery. The surprise was complete, and the- 
Yankee boys fied in panic along the Valley pike^ 
with General Early pressing them with their owu 
artillery, but our soldiers failed to stick to their col- 
ors, and so many of them left their ranks to plunder 
the rich stores of the captured camps that the enemy^ 
under the gallant General Wright, had the opportu- 
nity to rally in front of Middletovvn, and by elevea 
o'clock had brought up enough troops to move on 
us, and then these stragglers and plunderers of ours 
came to grief. 

Wright's men recovered their camps, and their 
cavalry pursued our men so closely that they were 
forced to retreat to Strasburg. All tlie success of 
the morning had been lost, and for the first time m 
the whole war a victory almost won had been throwa 
away by the misconduct of Southern solders. Owing- 
to the breaking down of a brigade at the very narrow 
part of the road between Strasburg and Fisher's HilJ^ 
just above Strasburg, where there was no other pass- 
way, all the artillery, ordnance wagons and ambu- 
lances wiiich had not passed that point were captured 
by a small body 'of Sheridan's cavalry, our force^ 
which would have defended and brought t'tieni out 
having been broken when the gallant Ramseur was 
killed. 

This battle ended my campaigning for that vvar» 
after passing through the mill, and after receiving tny 
severe wouiid that afterwards caused the amputation 
of my right leg. 



121 

The boys in the hospitals had their jokes on the 
surgeons, and tliis propensity for joking and fuu 
among our soldiers was worth ahnost as much as 
medicine. One case tliey reported was that of a man 
brought in, dangerously wounded in three places. 
After the examination by the surgeon, an assistant 
asked: "Doctor, is the man badly hurt?" "Yes," 
said the surgeon, " two of the wounds are mortal^ 
but the third can be cured provided ths man is 
kept perfectly quiet for six weeks." 



CH.\PTBR XII. 

As a matter of interest to the old veterans of the 
war, into whose hands this little book may fall, I ap- 
pend here the rosters of the two great armies which 
contended at Gettysburg, that being generally con-^ 
ceded to be the decisive battle. 

We understand that at the opening of the cam- 
paign the tvv'o armies were more evenly matched, as 
to numbers, than at any other period of the war, and 
from the best obtainable information that General 
Hooker had a force of eighty thousand inf.intry di- 
vided into seven corps. So he himself wrote to 
President Lincoln, and proudly called it "the finest 
army on the planet." 

General Lee's army, by the last of May, had sev- 
enty thousand infantry — in three corps — and ten 
thousand cavalry, and, as Gen. Longstreet expressed 
'it, "was in a condition to undertake anything." 



122 

The actual force of Gen. Lee's army at Gettysburg 
after making details to guard the lines of communi- 
cation, &c., was about sixty-tv/o thousand men ; and 
Gen. Meade, by the aid of re-enforcements, brought 
forward by stress of the invasion, numbered about 
•one hundred and twelve thousand. 

■Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, 
June 1st, 1863— General Robert K. Lee, com- 
manding : 

STAFF. 

<Jolonel W. H. Tavlor, Adjutant-General. 
C. S. Tenable, A. D. C. 
Charles Marshall, A. D. G. 

^' James L. Corley, Chief Quartermuster. 

" 11. G. Cole, Chief Commissary. 

" B. G. Baldwin, Chief of Ordnance. 

'' H. E. Peyton, Assistant Inspector General. 

General W. In. Pendleton, Chief of Artiiiory. 
Doctor L. Guild, Medical Director. 
Colonel W. P(>rcher Smith, Chief Kngcineer. 
Major H. E. Young, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

" G. B. Cook. Assistant Inspector-General. 

FIRST CORPt*. 

Lieutenant-General James Loncrstreet, commanding. 

M"J>AAVS' DIVISION. 

Major-General L. McLaws, commanding. 

Kersha\r'8 Brigade — Brigadier-General J. B. Kershaw, conn 
manding ; loth South Carolina regiment, Col. W. D. DeSaus- 
sure ; 8th South Carolina, Col. J. W. Memminger; 2d 
■South Carolina, Col. John D. Kennedy ; 8d South Carolina; 
Col. James D. Nance ; 7th South Carolina, Col. D. Wyatt 
Aiken ; 3d (James) Battalion, South Carolina Infantry, 
Lieut-Col. R. C. Rice. 

Benning's Brigade — Brigadier-General H. L. Bennning, com- 
manding ; 50th Georgia regiment. Col. W. R. Manning : 
5l8t Georgia regiment, Col. W. M, Slaughter ; 53d Georgia 
regiment, Col. James P. Simms ; 10th Georgia regiment, 
Lieut-Col. John B. Weems. 

Barksdale's Brigade— Brigadier-General William Barksdale, 
commanding f 13th Mississippi regiment, Col. J. W. Car- 



123 

ter; 17th Mississippi regclinent, Col. W. D. Holder; 18th 
Missi<!:sippi roi>-iment, Col. Thoinss M. CTi-iifin ; '31st Missis- 
sippi reg-imerit, Col. B. G. Humphreys. 
V/olTorcVs Brigade — Brigadier-General Vv'. T. V/offord, com- 
manding : ISth Georgia rt'-lnient, Major E. GrllTs ; Phil- 
lips' Georgia Legion, Col. W. M. Phillips ; '24th Georgia 
regiment, Col. Robert McMillan ; 16th Georgia regiment, 
Col. Goode Brya,n ; Cobb's Georgia Legion. Lieut-Col. L. 
D. Glewn. 

nCKKTT'S DIVISION. 

Major-General George E. Pickett, commanding. 

Garnett's Brigade — Brigadier-General R. B. Garnett. com- 
manding ; 8th Virginia regiment, Col. Eppa Hanton ; 18th 
Virginia regiment. Col. R. E. Withers ; 19th Va. regiment, 
Col. Henry Gantt : 28th V;i. regiment, Col. R. C. Allen ; o6th 
Va. regiment, (^ol. W. D. Stuart. 

Armistead's Brigade — Brigadier-General L. A. Armistead, 
commanding; 9th Virginia regiment, Lieut. -Col. J. S.Gil- 
liam ; 14th Virginia regiment, Col. J. G. Hodges ; 38th Vir- 
ginia regiment, Col. E. C. Edmonds ; o3d Virginia regi- 
ment. Col. John Grammar ; 57th Virginia regiment. Col. 
J. B. Magruder. 

Kemper's Brigade — Brigadier-General J. L. Kemper, com- 
inanding; Isr Virginia regiment. Col. Lewis B. Williams, 
Jr.; Sd Virginia regiment. Col. Joseph Mayo, Jr.; 7th Vir- 
ginia regiment. Col. W. T. Patton ; lltli Virginia regiment, 
<Jol. David Funsten ; 24th Virginia regiment. Col. W. R. 
Terj-y. 

Corse's Brigade — Brigadier-General M. D. Corse, command- 
ing ; 15th A^irginia regiment, Col. T. P. August: 17th Vir- 
ginia regiment, Col. Morton Marye ; 80th Virginia regiment, 
Col. A. T. Harrison; :32d Virginia regiment, Col. E. B. 
Montague (this brigade was not at Gettysburg, having 
been left at Hanover Junction). 

HOOD'S DIVISION. 

Major-General, John B. Hood. 

Robertson's Brigade — Brigadier-General J. B. Robertson, 
commanding; 1st Texas regiment. Col. A. T. Rainey; 4th 
Texas regiment. Col. J. C. G. Key ; 5th Texas regiment, 
Colonel R. M. PoAvell ; 3d Arkansas regiment, Colonel Van 
H. Manning. 

Laws' Brigade — Brigadier-General E. M. Laws, commanding. 
4th Alabama regiment, Colonel P. xV. Bowles ; 44th Ala- 
bama regiment, Col. W. H. Perry ; 15th Aabama regiment, 



124 

Colonel James CaDty : 47th Alabama regiment. Colonel JJ 
W. Jackson; 48th x\'labama regiment, Colonel- J. F. Shep 
herd. 

Anderson's Brigade — Brigadier-General Gf. T. Anderson 
commanding; 10th Georgia battalion, Major J. E. Rylan 
der; 7th Georgia regiment. Col. W.M.White; 8th Georgif 
regiment, Lieut. -Colonel J. R. Towers ; 9th Georgia regi 
ment, Colonel B. F, Beck : 11th Georgia regiment, Colone 
F. H. Little. 

Jenkins' Brigade — Brigadier-General M. Jenkins, command 
ing ; 2d South Carolina Kitlcs, Col. Thomas Thompson i 
1st South Carolina regiment, Lieiit.-Col. David Living 
stone ; 5th South Carolina regiment. Col. A. Coward; 6tl 
South Carolina regiment, Col. John Bratton ; HamptonV 
Legion, Colonel M. W. Gary. 

ARTILJ.ERY OF THK FIRST CORPS. 

Colonel J. B. AValton, commanding. 
Battalion— Col. H. C. Cabell ; Major Hamilton. 
Batteries— McCarty's, Manly's, Carlton^s, Frazer's. 
Battalion— Major Henry. 

Batteries— Baehman's, Reilly's. Latham's, Gordon's. 
Battalion— Major Bearing, Major Reed. 
Batteries— Macon's, Blount's, Stribblings, Caskie's. 
Battalion— Col. E. P. Alexander, Major Huger. 
Batteries— Jordon's, Rhetts, Moody's, Parker's, Taylor's. 
Battalion— Major Eshlemau. 
Batteries— Squire"s, Miller's, Richardson's, Norcom's. 

Total number of guns— artillery First Corps— 83. 

SECOND CORPS. 

Lieutenant-General Richard S. Ewell. 

EARLY'S DIVISION. 

Major-General Jubal A. Early, commanding. 

Hays' Brigade— Brigadier-General Harry S. Hays, command 
ing ; 5th Louisiana regiment. Col. Henry Forno ; 6ti 
Louisiana regiment, Col. Wm. Monaghan ; 7th Louisian.^ 
regiment. Col. B. B. Penn ; Htli Louisiana regiment. Col 
Henrv B. Kelly; 9th La. regiment. Col. A. L. Staflord. 

Gordon's Brigade — Brigadier-General J. B. Gordon, com 
manding; 18th Georgia, Col. J. M. Smith; 26th Georgia 
Col. E. K. Ativinson ;"81st Georgia, Col. C. A. Evans ; Bbtl 
Georgia. Major J. 1). Matthews, 60th Georgia, Col. W. H 
Stiles ; 61st Georgia, Col. J. H. Lamar. 

Smith's Brigade— Brigadier-General William Smith com 
manding ; 13th Virginia regiment. Col. J. E. B. Terrell 



125 

31st Vivgiuia, Col. J. S. Hoffman, 49th Virginia, Colonel 
Gribson ; 52d Virginia, Colonel Skinner ; 5Sth Virginia, 
Col. F. H. Board— 13tli Virginia was left in Winchester to 
guard the stares captured from Milroy, and 5Bth Virginia 
was left in Staunton to guard prisoners captured from 
Milroy. 
Hoke's Brigade — Colonel J. B, Avery, commanding, (Gren. K. 
F. Hoke being absent woiuuled); Ctli North Carolina regi- 
ment, Col. J. E. Averv ; 21st North Carolina, Col. W. W. 
Kirkland ; 54th North Carolina, Col. J. C. T. McDonald ; 
57th North Carolina, Col. A. G. Godwin ; 1st North Caro- 
lina battalion. Major R. H. Wharton. 

RODES' DIVISIOX. 

Major-General R. E. Rodes. 

Daniel's Brigade — Brigadier-General Junius Daniel, com- 
manding ; 33d North Carolina regiment, Col. E. C. Bra- 
vale ; 4:3d North Carolina, Col. Thomas S. Keenan ; 45th 

- North Carolina, Lieut-Col. Samuel H. Boy(f, 5:3d North 
Carolina, Col. W. A. Owens ; 2d North Carolina Battalion, 
Lieut-Col. H. S. Andrews. 

Doles' Brigade— Brigadier General George Doles, command- 
ing ; 4th Georgia, Lieut-Col. D. R. E. W'inn ; 12th Georgia, 
Col. Edward Willis ; 21st Georgia, Col. John T. Mercer ; 
44th Georgia, Col. S. P. Lumpkin. 

Ramseur's Brigade— Brigadier-General S. D. Ramseur, com- 
manding ; 2d North Carolina regiment. Major E. W. Hurt ; 

; 4th North Carolina, Col. Bryan Grimes ; 14th North Caro- 

\ lina. Col. R. T. Bennett ; 30th North Carolina, Col. F. M. 

Parker. 
Iverson's Brigade— Brigadier-General Alfred Iverson, com- 

[ manding ; 5th North Carolina regiment, Capt. S. B. V^est ; 

I 12th Nol-th Carolina, Lieut-Col. W. S. Davis ; 20th North 

f Carolina, Lieut Col. N. Slough; 23d North Carolina, Col. 

t D. H. Christie. 

■Rodes' Brigade— Col. E. A. Oneal, commanding ; 3d Alabama 

' regiment. Col. C. A. Battle ; 5th Alabama, Col. J. M. Hall ; 

' 6th Alabama, Col. J. N. Lightfoot ; 12th Alabama, Col. S. 

■ B. Pickens ; 26th Alabama, Lieut-Col. J. C. Goodgame. 

i JOHNSO?>r'S DIYISIOX. 

I Major-General Edward Johnson. 

T Stuart's Brigade— Brigadier-General Geo. H. Stuart, com- 
manding ; loth Virginia regiment. Col. E. T. H. Warren ; 
I 22d Virginia, Col. A. G. Ta'.iaferro, 27th Virginia, Col. T. 



126 

y. Williiimn; l^t Afortli Caro^Iua regiment, Co]. J. A. 

McDowell ; od Korth Carolina, Lieut-Col. Thurston. 
Stonewall Brigade — Brig-.-Gen. James A. Walker, coiii- 

nianding; 2d N^irginia regiment, Col. J. Gf. A. Nadenfc>- 

bouseh ; -Itli Virginia, Col. Chas. A. Ronald ; 5th Virginia, 

Col. J. H. S. Funk ; 27th Virginia, Col. J. K. Edmondson : 

33d Virginia, Col. F. M. Holliday. 
Jones' Brigade — Brig.-Gen. John M. Jones, commanding: 

21st Virginia regimen^ Contain Moseley ; 42d Virginia,. 

Lieut. -Col. AVithers ; 44tli Virginia, Captain Buekner ; 48th 

Virginia, Col. T. S. Garnett ; oOtli Virginia, Col. Vande- 

vauter. 
Niehoirs Brigade— Col. J. M. Williams, commanding (Gen, 

F. T. Nicholis wounded) ; Ist Louisiana regiment, Colonel I 

William R. Shivers; 2d Louisiana regiment, Col. J. M. 

AVilliams ; lUth Louisia,na regiment. Col. E. Waggaman ; 

14th Louisiana regiment. Col. Z. York ; ir)th Louisiana 

regiment, Col. Edward Pendleton. 

ARTILLERY OF THE SECOND CORPS. 

Colonel S. Crutchlield, commanding. 
Battalion— Lieut. -Col. Thomas H. Carter; Major Carter M. 

Braxton. 
Batteries— Captain Page's, Fry's, Carter's, Reese's. 
Battalion— Lieut. -Col. H. P. Jones, Major Broekenborough. 
Batteries— Carrington's, Garb(}r's, Thompson's, Tanner's. 
Battalion— Lieut. -Col. S. Andrews, Major Lattimer. 
Batteries — Brown's, Dermot's, Carpenter's, Raines's. 
Battalion— Lieut. -Col. ^^elson. Major Page. 
Batteries— Kirkpatriek's, Massie's, Milledge's. 
Ba^ttalion— Col. J. T. Brown, Myjor Hardaway. 
Batteries— Dance's, Watson's, Smith's, Hufi's, Graham's. 

Total number of guns, artillery Second Corps, 82. 

THIRD CORPS. 

Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill, commanding. 

ANDERSON'S DIVISION. 

Major-General R. H. Anderson. 

Wilcox's Brigade— Briadier-General Cadmus M. Av ilcox ; 8th 
Alabama regiment, Col. T. L. Rovster ; 9th Alabama, Col. 
S. Henry; lOth Alabama, Col. AV. H. Forney; 11th Ala- 
ba.ma,C6l. J. C. C. Saunders ; 14th Alabama,Col. L. P. Pink- 
hard. 

Mahone's Brigade— Brig.-Gei!. AVm. Mahone ; 6th Virginia 
regiment, Col. G. T. Rogers: 12th Virginia, Col. D. A.. 



Wcisiger ; lOrh Vii'y:i?:iia, Lieut. -Col. Josoph H. Ram; 41s!; 
Virginia, Col. W. A. Parliam ; 61st Virginia, Col. V. 1). 
Groner. 

Posey 'S Brigade — Brigadier-General Carnot Posey ; 46tl> 
.Mississippi, Col. Joseph Payne; IGth Mississippi, Col. S. 
E. Baker; 19th Mississippi, Col. John Mullins ; 12fch Mis- 
sissippi, Col. W. Pi. Taylor. 

Wrighfs Brigade — Brigadier-Cxeneral A. R. Wright; 2d. 
Georgia battalion, Maior G. W. Boss ; :3d Georgia regi- 
ment^ Col. E. J. Walker ; 22d Georgia regin.ent. Col. R. H. 
Jones ; 48th Georgia regiment, Col. YfmrGihson. 

Ferry's Brigade — Brigadier-General E. A. Perry ; 2d Florida 
regiment, Lieut. -Col. S. G. Pvles ; 5th Florida, Col. J. C. 
Hately ; 8th Florida, Col. David Long. 

HETH'S DIVISION. 

First Brigade — Brigadier-General Pettigrew ; 42d, 11th, 26tlav 

44th, 4'7th, 52d, 17th North Carolina regiments. 
Second Brigade — Brigadier-General Field, 40th, 55th, 47th 

Virginia regiments. 
Third Brigade — Brigadier-General Archer; 1st, 7th, 14th 

Tennessee regiments, 13th Alabama reeriment. 
Fourth Brigade — Brigadier-General Cook; 15th, 27th, 46tb 

48th North Carolina regiments. 
Fifth Brigade — Brigadier-General Davis ; 2d, 11th and 42d 

Mississippi, and 55th North Carolina regiments. 

M/VJOR-GEr^EUAL PE]S^DER'S DIVISION". 

First Brigade— Brigadier-General McGowan ; 1st, 12th, l;3th, 

and 14th South Carolina regiments. 
Second Brigade — Brigadier-Generril Lane ; 7th, 18th, 28t}i, 

83d, and 37th Georgia regiments. 
Third Brigade— Brigadier-General Thomas ; 14th, 35th, 45th, 

and 49th Georgia regiments. 
Fourth Brigade— Pender's old brigade ; 13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, _ 

and 38tii North Carolina regiments. 

ARTILLERY OF THE THIRD CORPS. 

Colonel R. Lindsay Y/alker, commanding. 
Battalion— Major D. G. Mcintosh, Major W. F. Poague. 
Batteries — Hurt's, Rice's, Luck's, Johnson's. 
Battalion — Lieut-Colonel Garnett, Major Richardson. 
Batteries — LeAvis's, Maurin's, Moore's, Grandy's. 
Battalion — Major Cutshaw. 
Batteries— Wyatt's, Y/ooifolk's, Brooke's. 
Battalion— Major Willie P. Pea-ram. 



128 

Batteries— Brunson's, Davidson's, Crenshaw's, MagrawX 

Marye's. 
BattaUon— Lieut-Colonel Cutts, Major Lane. 
B itteries — Win-^'liekrs. Ros.s's, Patterson's. 

Total nnm^')er of i?uns, Artillery of Third Corps, 83. 

Total number of guns, xVrniy Northern Viri.^inia, 248. 

CAVALRY CORPS, A. N. V. 

Major-fieneral J. E. B. Stuart. / 

Hampton's Biigide— Brigadier-General Vv^ade Hampton, 
commanding, 

Fitz. Lee's Brij.?ado — Brigadier-Oeneral Fitzluigli Lee, com- 
manding;. 

W. H. F. Lee's Brigade— Colonel Chambliss, conimanding-. 

Robertson's Biigade — Brigadier-General B. H. Robertson, 
commanding. 

-Jone's Brigade — Brigadier-Gen. W. B. Jones, commanding. 

Imboden's Brigade— Brigadier-General J. D. Imboden, com- 
manding. 

Jenkens' Brigade— Brig!idier-General A. G. Jenkens, com- 
manding. 

AVhite's Battalion — Lieut. -Col. E. V. White, commanding. 

Baker's Brigade — 



Roster of the Federal Army, engaged in the battle of Get- 
tysburg, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, July 1st, 2d, 
and 3d, 1883, — Major-General Geo. G. Meade, commanding. 

STAFF : 

Major-General Daniel Butterfield, Chief of Staff. 
Brigadier-General M. R. Patrick, Provost Marshal-General. 

'' Seth Williams, Adjutant-General. 

" Edmund Schriver, Inspector-General. 

" Rufus Ingahs, Quartermaster-General. 

Col. Henry F. Clarke, Chief Commissary of Subsistence. 
Major Jonathon Letterman, Surgeon, Chief of Medical 

Department. 
Brigadier-General G. K. Warren, Chief Engineer. 
Major G-. W. Flagler, Chief of Ordnance. 
Major-General Alfred Pleasanton, Chief of Cavalry. 
Brigadier-General Henrv J. Hunt, Chief of Artillery. 
Captain L. B. Norton, Chief Signal Officer. 



129 

Major-General John F. Reynolds, commanding the First, 

Third, and Eleventh Corps, on July 1st. 
Major-Goneral Henry ^V. Slocum, commanding ths Right 

Wing, on July 2d, and 3d. 
Major-General Winneld S. Hancock, commanding the Left 

Centre, on July 2d, and 3d. 

FIRST CORPS. 

M;(jor-Gener:\l John F. Reynokli?, Pei-raanent Cominander. 
iMajor-Geii'.'ral Abner Dunbleday, connnamlius: on Jul}' 1st. 
Major-Generai John Newton, commanding on July 2\l, and M. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General James S. Wadsworth, commanding. 
First Brigade — Brigadiei--General Solomon Meredirh, wonnded 
and succeeded by Col. H. A. Morrow ; also wounded And suc- 
ceeded by Col. VV. \Y. Robinson; 2d' Vv isconsin, Col. Lucius 
Faircliild ; 6th Wisconsin, Col. E. R.Dawes; 7t'n Wisconsin, 
Col. W. ^y. Robinson; 24tli Michigan, Col. H. A.Morrow; 
19th Lidiana, Col. Samuel Williams." 
Second Brigade — Brigadier-Genej-al Lysander Cutler, command- 
ing; Trii Ir,f''Jni)a, Mtijor Ira G. Gi'over ; 5Hth Ptmn.sylvania, 
Col. J. W. Holiman ; 76tl» New York, Major A. J. Grover; 
&5tii New York, Col. Geo. II. Biddle ; 147t]i New York, Lieut- 
Col. F. C. Miller; i4th Brooklyn, Col. E. B. Fowler. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General John C. Kobinson, commanding. 
First Brigade— Brigadier-General Gabriel R. Paul, commanding; 
l()th Maine, Col. Chas. W. Tilden ; 13th Massachusetts, CoL 
8. H. Leonard; 94ih New Y^ork, Col. A. R Root; 104th Nexv- 
York, Col. Gilbert G. Prev; 107th Pennsylvania, Col. T. F. 
McCoy ; 11th Pennsylvania,'^ Col. R. S. Coulter. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Major-General Abner Doubledaj^ commanding. 

First Brigade — Brigadier-General Thomas A. Rowley, com- 
manding; 121st Pennsylvania, Col. Chapman Biddle; 142d 
Penn>ylvania, Col. Robt. P. Cummings ; 151st Pennsylvania, 
Lieut-Col. George F. McFarland ; 20th Nev/ Y'ork, S. M., Col. 
Theodore B. Gates. 

Second Brigade — Col. Roy Stone, commanding; 143d Pennsyl- 
vania, Col. Edmund L. Dana; 149th Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. 
Walton Dwight; 150th Pennsylvania, Col. Langhorne Wistar« 



130 

Third Brigade— Brigadier-General George J. Stannard; 12th 
Vermont, Col. Asa P. Blount; 13th Veruiont. Col. Fir.ri' i^ V. 
Randall; Uth Vermont, Col. W. T. Nichols; loth A^c riiDut, 
Col. Redlield Proctor; IGth Vermont, Col. W.G. Veaz« 3% 

Artillery Brigade— Col. Chas. S. Wainwright ; 2d Maine, C ipt. 
James A. JFIall ; oth Maine. Capt. G. T.Steven?; Batt< ry B, 
1st. Pennsylvania, Capt. J, H. Cooper; Battery B, 4th Uii'ted 
States, Lieut. James Stewart ; Battery L, 1st New York, Capt. 
J. A. Reynolds. 

SECOND CORPS. 

Major-Gencral Winlield S. Hancock, commanding. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

^Jrigadior-Gcneral John C. Caldwell. 

First Brigade — Col. Edwai-d E. Cross, commanding; 5th New 
Ilampshins Col. E. E. Cross; 61st New York, Lient-Col. 
Oscar K. Broadv ; 81st Pennsylvania, Col. II. Boyd McKeeii ; 
148th Pennsylvania- Liv-ut-Col'. Robert McFariand. 

Second Brigade — Colonel Patrick Kelly, commanding; 28th 
Massachusetts, Col. Richard Byrnes ; (VM New York, Lieut- 
Col. R. C. Bentley ; GOth New York, Capt. Maroney ; S8th 
5few York, Col. Pati-ick Kellev ; llGth Ponnsvl /ania. Major 
St. C. A. Mulholland. 

*rhird Brigade — Brigadier-General S. K. Zook ; 52d NewYorV^, 
Lieut-C';)l. Charles G. Freudenberg; o7th New Yoik, Lieut-- 
Col. A. B. Chapmai»; GGth New York, Col. Orlando W. Mor- 
ris; 14fRh Pennsylvania, Col. Richard P. Roberts. 

Fourth Brigade — Col. John R. Brooke, commanding; 27th Con- 
necticut, Lieut-Col. Henry C. Mei-win ; G4th New York, Col. 
Pini,.] G. Bingham ; 53d Pennsvlvania, Lieut-Col. Richard 
McMichael; 145th Pennsylvania, Col. H. L. Brown; 2d Dela- 
ware, C»i. AVilliairi P. Bailey. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Bi-iii'adier-General John Gibbon, commander. 
First Brigade— Brigadier-General William Harrow; 19th Maine, 

Col. F. E. Heath; 15th Massachusetts, Col. Geo. IT. Ward; 

82d New York, Col. llenrv W. Huston; 1st Minnesota, Col. 

William C(dvil. 
S^-cond Brigade — Brigadier-General Alexaiider S. Webb; G9th 

Pennsylvanin. Col. Detuiis O.Kane; 71st Pennsylvania, Liewt-, 

Col. R. Penn Smith ; 72d Pennsylvania, Col.D. W. C. Baxter; 

lOGih Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. Theodore llesser. 



131 

'J bird Biigacle — Col. Xonnnn J. H;!]), coinni:>iuling ; lOth.^Iassa- 
chnsett^i Col. Anliur P. l)"VHnMix; ^Orli Mas4ichn80tf>;, Col. 
Paul J. Kevere; 42(1 New York, Col J. E. Million; oOth :N[e\v 
Yoi-k, Liout-Coi. ilax x\.'rhoniau; Ttli Miclii^an, Col. N.J. 
Hull. Unattached — The Andre\v Sharpshooters. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Alexander Flay^, comintinding. 

First Biig-ade— Col. Samud S. CaiToll. coninjand'sno; ; 4th Ohio. 
LieiU-O'ol. James II. Godnian ; 8th Ohio. LiiMit-Col. Franklin 
Sawyer; 14tli Indiana, Col. Joiui Coons; Tih West Virginia, 
Col. flosejih Sn.yder. 

Second Brigade — Col. Thomas A. Smyth, commanding ; 14th Con- 
necticut, Major J. T. Ellis ; loth New York, Major J. F. Hopper ; 
loSth New York, Col. C. J. Powers ; 12th New Jersey, Major J. 
T. Hill ; 1st Delaware, Lieut-Col. Edward P. Harris. 

Third Brigade — Col. George L. Willard, commanding ; 39th New 
York, Lieut-Col. James G. Hughes ; riith New York, Col. Clin- 
ton D. McDougall ; 125th New York, Lieut-Coi. L. Crandall ; 
126th New York, Col. E. Sherrell. 

Artillery Brigade — Capt. J. G. Hazzard, commanding; Battery B, 
1st New York, Capt. James McK. Rorty ; Battery B, 1st Rhode 
Island, Lieut. T. Frederick -Brown ; Battery A, ist Rhode Island,. 
Lieut. Wm. A. Arnold ; Battery I, ist United States, Lieut. G. A. 
Woodruff; Battery A, 4th United States, Lieut. A. H. Cushing. 

Okvalry Squadron — Capt. Riley Johnson, commanding ; companiea 
D and K, 6th New York. 

THIRD CORPS. 

Major-General Daniel E. Sickles. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Major-General David B. Birney. 

Fiust Brigade — Brigadier-General C. K. Graham ; 57th P.ennsyl- 
vaiftia. Col. Peter Sides ; 63d Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. John A. 
Danks : 68th Pennsylvania, Col. A. H. Tippin ; 105th Pennsylva- 
nia, Col. Calvin A.Craig; 114th Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. Fred. 
K. Cavada ; 141st Pennsylvania, Col. H. J. Madill. (Note — The 
2d New Hampshire, 3d Maine, 7th and 8th New Jersey, also 
formed part of Graham line on the 2d.) 

Second Brigade — Brigadier-General J. H. H. \Vard ; 1st United 
States Sharpshooters, Col. H. Berdan ; 4th Maine, Col. Elijah 
Walker; 2d United States Sharpshooters, Major H. H. Stoughton; 
3d Maine, Col. M. B. Lakeman ; aotli Indiana, C®1. John Wheeler; 



132 

qgth Pennsylvania, Major John Vv'. Moore ; SGth New York, Lieut- 
Col. Reajamiu liiggins ; 124th New York, Col. A. Van Horn Ellis.. 
Third Brigade — Col. Philip R. De Trobriand, commanding; 5d' 
Michigan, Col. Byron R, Pierce ; 5th Michigan, Lient-Col. John 
Piilford ; 40th New York. Col. Thomas W. Eagan ; 17th Maine, 
I-ieut-Col. Charles B. Merrill; iioth Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. D. 
M. Jones. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Andrew A. Humphreys. 

iFirst Brigade — Brigadier-General Joseph B. Carr ; ist Massachu- 
setts, Col. N. B. McLaughlin ; nth Massachusetts, Lieut-Col 
Porter D. Tripp ; i6th Massachusetts, Lieut-Col. Waldo Merriam ; 
26ih Pennsylvania, Captain Geo.W. Tomlinson ; nth New Jersey 
Col. Robert McAllister; 84th Pennsylvania (not engaged), Lieut- 
Col. Milton Opp ; 12th New Hampshire, Capt. J. F. Langley. 

Second Brigade — Col. William R. Brewster, commanding ; 70th New 
York (ist Excelsior) Major Daniel Mahen ; 71st New York (2nd 
Excelsior) Col. 3[enry L. Potter: 72r.d New York (3d Excelsior) 
Col. William O. Stevens; 73d New York (4th Excelsior) ALajor 
M. W. Burns, 74th New York (5tl; Excelsior) Lieut-Col. Thomas 
Holt; i2oth New York, Lieut-Coi. Cornelius D. Westbrook. 

Third Brigade — Col. George C. BUiiing, commanding; 5ih New 
Jersey, Col. W. J. Sewell ; 6th New Jersey, Lieut-Col. S. R. 
Gilkyson, 7Lh New Jersey, Col. L. R. P'rancine ; 8th New Jersey, 
Col. John Ramsey; 115th Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col, J. P. Dunne; 
2d New Hampshire, Col. E. L. Bailey. 

Artillery Brigade — Captain George E. Randolph, commanding j 
Battery E, ist Rhode Lsland, Lieut. J. K. Bucklyn ; Battery B, is 
Nev/ Jeisey, Capt. A. J. Clark ; Battery D, ist New Jersey, Capt 
George T. Woodbury; Battery K,4th United States, Lieut. F. W 
Seeley ; Battery D, ist New York, Capt. George B Winslow ; 4tl 
New York, Capt. James E, Smith. 

FIFTH CORPS. 

Major-General George Sykes, commanding. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General James Barnes, commanding. 
First Brigade — Col. W. S. Tilton, commanding. i8th Massachu 

setts, Col. Joseph Hayes ; 22d Massachusetts, Lieut. -Col. Thoma 

Sherman, Jr.; iiSth Pennsylvania, Col. Charles M. Prevost ; is 

Michigan, Col. Ira C. Abbott. 
Se.ond Brigade — Col. J. B. Sweitzer, commanding ; 9th Massachui 



133 

setts, Col. Patrick R. Guiney ; 32d Massachusetts, Col. C/corge L. 
Prescott ; 4th Michigan, Col. Hamson H. Jeffords ; 62d Pennsyl- 
vania, Lieut. -Col. James C. Hill. 
Third Brigade — Col. Strong Vincent, commanding ; 20th Maine, 
Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain ; 44th New York, Col. James C. Rice ; 
83d Pennsylvania, Major Wm. H. Lamont ; i6th Michigan, Lieut. - 
Col. N. E. Welch. 

SECOND DIVISrON. 

Brigadier-General Romn} n B. Vyr^s, ■ mman ling. 

First Brigade — Col. Hannibal Day.Gih l . S. Infantry, commanding ; 
3d United States Infantry, Capt. H. W. Freedley ; 4lh United 
States Infantry, Capt. J. W. Adams ; 6th United States Infantry, 
Capt. Levi C. Bootes ; 12th United States Infantry, Ca'^t. Thomas 
S. Dunn; 14th United States Infantry. Major G. R. Giddings. 

Second Brigade — Col. Sidney Burbank, 2d U.S. Infantry, command- 
ing ; 2d United States Infantry, Major A, T. Lee; 7th United 
States Infantry, Capt. D. P. Hancock ; 10th United States In- 
fantry, Capt. William Clinton ; nth United States Infantry, Maj. 
DeL. Floyd Jones ; 17th United States Infantry, Lieut. -Col. Dur- 
rell Green. 

Third PJrigade — Brigadier-General S. H. Weed ; 140th New York, 
Col. Patrick H. O'Rorcke; 146th New York, Col. Kenner Gar- 
rard; qist Pennsylvania, Lieut. -Col. J. H. Sinex ; 155th Pennsyl- 
vania, Lieut-Col. John H. Cain. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Brigadier General S. Wiley Crawford. 

First Brigade — Col. William McCandless, commanding; ist Penn- 
sylvania Rf-aerves, Col. Vv. C. Talley ; 2d Pennsylvania Reserves, 
Lieut. -Col. George A. Woodward ; 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, 
Col. Wellington H. Ent ; nth Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. S. M. 
Jackson ; ist Rifles (Bucktails), Col. Charles J. Taylor. 

Second Brigade — Col. Joseph W. Fisher, commanding ; 5th Penn- 
sylvania Reserves, Lieut-Col. George Dare ; gth Pennsylvania 
Reserves, Lieut-Col. James McK. Snodgrass ; loth Pennsylvania 
Reserves, Col. A. J. Warner; 12th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. 
M. D. Hardin. 

ARTILLERY BRIGADE. 

Capt. A. P. Martin, commandin.g. 
Battery D — 5th United States, Lieut. Charles E. Hazhitt. 
Battery I — 5th United States, Lieut. Leonard Martin. 
Battery C — 1st New York, Capt. Albert Barnes. 
Battery L — ist Ohio, Captain N. C. Gibbs. 



134 

Battery € — Massachusetts, Captain A. P. Martin. 
Provost Guard — Captain W. H. Ryder ; Companies E and D, I2th 
New York. 

SIXTH CORPS. • , 

Major-General John Sedgwick. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General H. G. Wright, commanding. 

First Brigade — Brigadier-General A. T. A. Torbert; 1st New Jer- 
sey, Lieut-Col. ^YiIliam Henry, Jr.; 2d New Jersey, Col. Samuel 
'L. Buck ; 3d New Jersey, Col. Henry \V. fJrown ; 15th New Jer- 
sey, Col. William H. Pe'irose. 

Second Brigade — Brigadier-General J. J. Bartlett ; 5th Maine, Col. 
Clarke S. Edwards ; I2ist New York, Col. Emory Upton ; 95th 
Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. Edward Carroll ; g5th Pennsylvania, 
Lieut-Col. William H. Lessig. 

Third Brigade — Brigadier-General D. A. Russell; 6th Maine, Col. 
Hiram Burnham ; 4gth Pennsylvania, Col. William H. Irvin, 119th 
Pennsylvania, Col. P. C. Ellmaker; 5th Wisconsin, Col. Thomas 
S. Allen. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General A. P. Howe, commanding. 

Second Brigade — Col. L. A. Grant, commanding; 2d Vermont, Col. 
J. H Walbridge ; 3d Vermont, Col. T. O. Seaver ; 4th Vermont, 
Col. E. H. Stoughton ; 5th Vermont, Lieut-Col. John R. Lewis ; 
6th Vermont, Lieut-Col. Elisha L. Barney. 

Third Brigade — Brigadier-General T. A. Neill ; 7th Maine, Lieut- 
Col. Seldon Connor ; 49th New York, Col. D. D. Bidwell ; 77th 
New York, Col. J. B. McKean ; 43d New York, Col. B. F. Baker;* 
6ist Pennsylvania, Major George W. Dawson. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Frank Wheaton, commanding. 

First Brigade — Brigadier-General Alexander Shaler ; 65th New York, 
Col. J. E. Hamhlin ; 67th New York, Col. Nelson Cross ; 122nd 
New York, Lieut-Col. A. W. Dwight ; 23d Pennsylvania, Lieut- 
Col. J. F. Glenn ; 82d Pennsylvania, Col. Isaac Bassett. 

Second Brigade — Col. H. L. Eustis, commanding ; 7th Massachu- 
setts, Lieut-Col. Franklin P. Harlow ; loth Massachusetts, Lieut- 
Col. Jefiford M. Decker ; 37th Massachusetts, Col. Oliver Edwards ; 
2d Rhode Island, Col. Horatio Rogers. 

Third'Brigade — Col. David I. Nevin, 62d New York, commanding? 
.62d New York, Lieut-Col. Theodore P. Hamilton ; 102 Pennsyl- 



135 

vania, Col. Joha W. Patterson ; 930! Pennsylvania, Col. James M. 
McCarter ; gSth Pennsylvania Major John B. Kohler ; isgtk 
Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. William H. Moody. 

Artillery Brigade — Col. C. M. Tompkins, commanding ; l^attery A, 
1st Massachusetts, Capt.^W. H. McCartney ; Battery D, 2d United 
States, Lieut. E. B. Williston ; Battery F, 5th United States, 
Lieut. Leonard Martin ; Battery G, 2d United States, Lieut. Joha 
H. Butler ; Battery C, 1st Rhode Island, Capt. Richard Water- 
man ; Battery G, 1st Rhode Island, Capt. George W. Adams; 1st 
New York, Capt. Andrew Cowan ; 3d New York, Capt. William 
A. Harn. 

Cavalry Detachment — Capt. William L. Craft, commanding ; Com- 
pany H, 1st Pennsylvania; Company L, ist New Jersey. 

ELEVENTH CORPS. 

Major-General Oliver O. Howard, commander. 

EIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Francis C. Barlow, commanding. 
First Brigade — Col. Leopold Von Gilsa, commanding ; 41st New 
York, Lieut-Col. D. Von Einsiedel ; 54th New York, Col. Eugene 
A. Kezley ; 68th New York, Col. Gotthilf Bourny de Ivernois ; 
53d Pennsylvania, Col. Charles Glanz. 
Second Brigade — Brigadier-General Adalbert Ames ; 17th Connec- 
ticut, Lieut-Col. Douglass Fowler; 25th Ohio, Lieut-Col. Jeremiah 
Williams ; 75th Ohio, Col. A. L. Karris ; 107th Ohio, Captaia 
John M. Lutz. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General A. Von Steinwehr, commanding. 
.First Brigade— Col. Charles R. Coster, 134th New York, command- 
ing ; 27th Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. Lorenz. Cantador ; 73d Penn- 
sylvania, Captain Daniel F. Kelley ; 134th New York, Lieut-Col. 
Allan H. Jackson ; 154th New York, Col. P. li. Jones. 
Second Brigade— Col. Orlando Smith, commanding; 33d Massachu- 
setts, Lieut-Col. Adin B. Underwood ; 136th New York, Colone 
James Wood, Jr.; 55th Ohio, Col. Charles B. Gambee ; 73d Ohio» 
Lieut-Col. Richard Long. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Major. General Carl Schurz, commanding. 
First Brigade — Brigadier-General A. Von Schimmeepfennig, com- 
manding ; 45th New York, Col. George Von Arnsburg ; 157th New 
York, Col. Philip P. Brown, Jr.; 74th Pennsylvania, Col. Adolph 
Von Hartung; 6ist Ohio, Col. S. J. McGroarty ; 82ad Illinois, 
Colonel J. Hecker. 



136 

Second Brigade — Col. Waklimer Kryzanowskc, commanding ; 5Stlk 
New York, Lieut-Col. August Otto ; iigtli New York, Col. Joha 
T. Lockman ; 75th Pennsylvania, Col. Francis Mahler ; 82d Ohio,. 
Col. James S. Robson ; 26th Wisconsin, Col. William H. Jacobs. 

Artillery Brigade— Major Thomas W. Osburn, commanding; Bat- 
tery I, i-st New York, Capt. Michael Wiedrick ; Battery I, 1st 
Ohio, Cap^. Hubert Dilger; Battery K, 1st Ohio, Captain Lewis 
■ Heckman ; Battery G,4th United States, Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson; 
13th New York, Lieut. William Wheeler. 

TWELFTH CORPS. 

Brigadier-General Alpheus vS. Williams, commanding. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Thomas H. Ruger, commanding. 

First Brigade — Col. Archibald L. McDougall ; 5th Connecticut, Col. 
Warren W. Packer; 20th Connecticut, Lieut-Col. William B. 
Wooster ; 123d New York, Col. A. L. McDougall ; 145th Ncvr 
York, Col. E. L. Price ; 46th Pennsylvania, Col. James L. Sa^IF- 
ridge ; 3d Maryland, Col. J. M. Sudsburg. 

Second Brigade — Brigadier-General Henry H. Lockwood ; i5otk 
New York, Col. John H. Ketcham ; ist Maryland, (P. IL B.) Col. 
William P. Maulsby ; ist Maryland, (E. S.) Col. James Wallaoo. 

Third Brigade — Col. Silas Calgrove, commanding ;, 2d Massachu- 
setts, Col. Charles R. Mudge ; 107th New York, Col. Miron M. 
Crane ; 13th New Jersey, Col. Ezra A. Carman ; 27th Lidiana, 
Lieut-Col. John R. Fesler ; 3d Wisconsin, Lieut-Col. Martin Flood. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General John W. Geary, commanding. 

First Brigade — Col. Charles Candy, 66th Ohio, commanding; 28tfe 
Pennsylvania, Captain John Flynn ; 117th Pennsylvania, Lieut- 
Col. Ario Pardee, Jr.; 5th Ohio, Col. John H. Patrick ; 7th Ohio, 
Col. William R. Creighton ; 2gth Ohio, Captain W. F. Stevens ; 
66th Ohio, Lieut-Col. Eugene Powell. 

S*«ond Brigade — ist Col. George A. Cobham, 2^ Brig-Gen. Tkom-as 
L. Kane ; 2gth Pennsylvania, Col. William Rickards ; logth 
Pennsylvania, Capt. Frederick L. Gimber; iiith Pemnsylvania, 
Lieut-Col. Thomas M. Walker. 

Third Brigade — Brig-Gen. George S. Greene ; 6Gth New York, Col. 
Abel'Godard ; 7Sth New York, Lieut-Col. Herbert Von Hammer- 
stein ; io2d New York, Lieut-Col. James C. Lane ; 137th New 
York, Col. David Ireland ; I4gth New York, Col. Henry A. Bar- 
num. 



137 

ARTILLERY iJ-KIGADE. 

Lieut. E. D. Muhlenberg, commanding. 
Battery F, 4tli United States, Lieut. S. T. Rugg ; Battery K, 5tb. 

United States, Lieut. 1). H. Kinsie ; Battery M, ist New York,.. 

Lieut. Charles E. Winegar ; Knapp's Pennsylvania Battery, Lieut^ 

Charles Atwell. 
Headqaarter Guard — Battallion, loth Maine. 

CAVALRY CORPS. 

Major-General Alfred Pleasanton, commanding. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General John Buford, commanding. 

First Brigade — Col. William Gamble, 8th Illinois, commanding; 8th 
New York, Col. Benjamin F. Davis ; 8th Illinois, Lieut-Col. D. 
R. Clendenin ; 2 squadrons, I2th Illinois, Col, Amoss Voss ; 3 
squadrons 3d Indiana, Col. George H. Chapman. 

Second Brigade — Col. Thomas C, Devin, 6th New York, command- 
ing ; 6th New York, Lieut-Col. Wm. H. Crocker; 9th New YcfrJt, 
Col. William Sackett ; 17th Pennsylvania, Col, J. H. Kellogg; 3cL 
Virginia, (detachment). 

Reserve Brigade — Brig-Gen. Wesley Merritt ; ist United States,. 
Captain R. S, C. Lord; 2d United States, Captain T. F. Rodeu- 
bough ; 5th United States, Captain J. W. Mason ; 6th Unife'd 
States, Major S. H. Starr, Captain G. C. Cram ; 6th Pennsylvania, 
Major James H. Hazletine. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Srig-General D. McM. Gregg, commandi-sig. 
(Headquarter Guard, Campany A, ist Ohio.) 

First Brigade — Colonel J. B. Mcintosh, commanding; ist New Jer-^ 
.*ey. Major M. H, Beamont ; ist Pennsylvania, Col. John P. Tay- 
lor ; 3d Pennsylvania, Lieut-Colonel Edward S.Jones; ist Mary- 
land, Lieut-Colonel James M. Deems ; is! Massachusetts, at. 
Headquarters, 6th Corps. 

Second Brigade — Coloael Pennock Iluey, commanding ; 2d New 
York, 4th Ne\T York, 8th Pennsylvania, 6th O^iio. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick, commanding. 
(Headquarter Guard, Company C, 1st Ohio.) 
First Brigade — Brigadier-General E. J. Farnsworth ; cih New York, 
Major John Hammond ; i8th Pennsylvania, Lieut-Col. William 
P. Brinton ; 1st Vermont, Col. Edward D. Sawyer ; 1st West Vir- 
ginia, Colonel H. P. Richmond. 



138 

Second Brigade — Brigadier-General George A. Custer ; 1st Michi- 
gan, Col. Charles H. Town ; 5th Michigan, Col. Russell A. Alger; 
6th Michigan, Col, Greorge Gray ; 7th Michigan, Col. William D. 
Mann. 

HORSE ARTILLERY. 

First Brigade — Captain John M. Robertscni, commanding ; Batteries 
B and L, 2d United States, Lieut. Edward Heaton ; Battery M, 
2d United States, Lieut. A. C. M. Bennington ; Battery E, 4th 
United States, Lieut. S. S. Elder; 6th New York, Lieut. Joseph 
W. Martin ; gth Michigan, Captain J. J. Daniels ; Battery C, 3d 
United States, Lieut. William D. Fuller. 

Second Brigade — Captain John C. Tidball, commanding ; Batteries 
G and E, ist United States, Capt. A. ^L Randal; Battery K, 1st 
United States, Capt. William M. Graham ; Battery A, 2d United 
States, Lieut. John Calef ; Battery C, 3d United States. 

ARTILLERY RESERVE. 

Brigadier-General R. O. Tyler. 

First Regular Brigade — Capt. D. R. Ransom, commanding; Battery 
H, 1st United States, Lieut C. P. Eakin ; Batteries F and K, 3d 
United States, Lieut. J. C. Turnbull ; Battery C, 4th United 
States, Lieut. Evan Thomas ; Battery C, 5th United States, Lieiit 
G. V. Weier. 

First Voluntary Brigade — Lieut-Col. F. McGilvery, commanding, 
15th New York, Capt. Patrick Hart; Independent Battery Penn- 
sylvania, Captain R. B. Ricketts ; 5th Massachusetts, Captain C. 
A. Phillips ; 9th Massachusetts, Captain John Bigelovv. 

Second Volunteer Brigade — Capt. E. D. Taft, commanding ; Batter- 
ies B and M, ist Connecticut, 5th New York, Captain Elijah D. 
Taft ; 2d Connecticut, Lieut. John W. Sterling. 

Third Volunteer Brigade — Capt. James F. Huntington, command- 
ing ; Batteries F and G, 1st Pennsylvania, Capt. R. B. Ricketts ; 
Battery H, ist Ohio, Capt. James F. Huntington ; Battery A, ist 
New Hampshire, Capt. F. M. Edgell ; Battery C, ist West Vir- 
ginia, Capt. Wallace Hill. 

Fourth Volunteer Brigade — Capt. R. H. Fitzhugh, commanding ; 
Battery B, 1st New York, Capt. Jam-s McRorty ; Battery G, 1st 
New York, Capt. Albert M. Ames ; Battery K, 1st New York, 
(nth Battery attached) Capt. R. H. Fitzhugh; Battery A, ist 
Maryland, Capt. James H. Rigby ; Battery A, 1st New Jersey, 
Lieut. Augustin N. Parsons ; 6th Maine, Lieut. Edwin B. Dow. 

Train Guard — Major Charles Evring, commanding ; 4th New Jersey 
Infantry. 



139 

Headquarter Guard — Capl. J. C. Fuller, commanding ; Cattery C, 
32d Massachusetts. 

Detachments at Headquarters, Army of the Potomac, 
during the battle of Gettysburg, under orders of 
the Provost Marshal General : — 

Brigadier-General M. R. Patrick, commanding ; 93d New York, 8th 
United States, 1st Massachusetts cavalry, 2d Pennsylvania cav- 
alry. Batteries E and I, 6th Pennsylvania cavalry. Detachment 
regular cavalry ; United States Engineer Battalion, Captain 
George H. Mendill. commanding. 

Guards and Orderlies — Captain D. P, Mann, commanding; inde- 
pendent company O'neida savalry. 

Taking it for granted that the regiments averaged 
about the same number of men in each army, which 
we can reasonably do, perhaps the' following lists 
will better eng.ble the reader to comprehend the tre- 
mendous force brought to bear against each other in 
in that battle. 

ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 



States. 


Iiiftintry Reg'ts. 


Cavalry. 


Artillery. 


Total. 


Alabama, 


13 




2 


15 


South Carolina, 


14 


2 


5 


21 


North Carolina, 


36 


4 


4 


44 


Georgia, 


38 


3 


7 


48 


Florida, 


4 






4 


Louisiana, 


10 




7 


17 


Mississippi, 


II 




I 


12 


Virginia, 


49 


20 


37 


106 


Maryland, 


I 


I 


4 


6 


Arkansas, 


I 






I 


Texas, 


3 






3 


Tennessee, 


3 






3 




183 


30 


67 


281 



I40 

IN THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, AT GETTYSBURG: 



States. 


Infantrj'. 


Cavalry. 


Artillery. 


Total. 


Connecticut, 


5 




3 


8 


Delaware, 


2 






2 


Illinois, 


I 


2 




3 


Indiana, 


5 


I 




6 


Maine, 


10 


I 


3 


•14 


Maryland, 


3 


2 


I 


6 


Massachusetts, 


19 


2 


4 


25 


Michigan, 


7 


4 


I 




Minnesota, 


I 






I 


New Jersey, 


12 


I 


2 


15 


New Hampshire, 


3 




I 


4 


New York, 


69 


8 


15 


92 


Ohio, 


13 


I 


4 


18 


Pennsylvania, 


6^ 


10 


7 


85 


Rhode Island, 


I 




5 


6 


Vermont, 


10 


I 




1 1 


West Virginia, 


I 


2 


I 


4 


Wisconsin, 


6 






6 


U. S. Regulars, 


13 


4 


25 


42 




249 


39 


/2 


360 



If nothing else can be found in my little book to 
recommend it, these, mostly official, and all as nearly 
accurate as can be gotten after twenty-five years, 
ought to give it a place in every house in the United 
States. 



141 

Prestonsburg, - Kentucky. 

I^^Practices especially in Floyd and adjoining 
counties, and in the higher State and Federal Courts. 

I^W^East Kentuck)^ mineral and timber lands 
bought and sold. Correspondence solicited. 



Wall 01? S* ^mrlilms^ 

ATTORNEY ■ AT - LAW, 

Will practice in the courts of Floyd, Johnson, Mar- 
tin, Magoffin and Knott, and in the Superior 
and Appellate Courts of Kentucky. 

I^^Has for sale 25,000 acres of Coal and Mineral 
Land, and 30,000 acres of Coal, Oil, Grass lands, &c. 

iJeforonPOQ - Catlettsburg Nat. Ba:ik, Catlettsburg, Ky.; John G. Johns, Esq., 
nCiCldUbCS . Prestonsburg, Ky ; Hon. W. C Ireland, Ashland, Ky.; Hon. A. 
Dual, Frankfort, Ky.; Geo. VV. McAlpin & Co., Cincinnati, O.; John F. Ha- 

ger, Esq., Ashiand, Ky. 



142 

CONIMOLLY HOUSE, 

U^^New addition completed. All newly painted. 
Rooms neat, clean, and newly furnished. Charges 
reasonable. Good stable in connection. Daily hack 
line. The annex to the house, across the street, will 
soon be completed, which will give the house a ca- 
pacity of 35 rooms, — good, &c. 

The Proprietor is a Lawyer. 

^y. M. CONNOLLY, Prop'r. 



WAYNE DAMRON, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 



WHISKEY, WINE, 

Front Street, Catlettsburg, Ky. 

Tom - and - Jerry - a - specialty. 

Open from 4 A. M. until 10 P. M. 
'Kentucky Hand- Made Sour-Mash Whiskey a 



specialty. 



143 

C. M. PARSONS. J. M. R0BER60N. 



§ life 



ATTOPvEEYS-AT-LAW 

PIKEYILIiE, PIKE CeapIfY, EY. 

Practice in the State and Federal Courts. Make 
a specialty of dealing in Mineral Lands in north- 
eastern Kentucky. 

1^^ Abstracts of titles to laads in Pike counr%^> 
furnished on short notice. 

ATTORNEY-AT-LAW 

AND RBAI, ESTATE AGENT, 



Practices in the Courts of eastern Kentucky, Supe- 
rior Court and Court of Appeals, and U. S. Court. 

Titles to real estate examined and abstracts made. 
Have some fine coal and timber land for sale. 



144 

O. CF^GIL, JR., 

DEALER IN 

COOK & HEATING STOVES, 

ROPE, BROOMS, &c. 
Manufacturer and J<*bber of TIN AND SHEET- 
IRON WARE. 
jYo. 6 Front St., - - CATLETTSBURG , KY. 



Tlie Leaaiiis Wiiolesa^e aiii Retail Dripls. 
€ALYIN &"PARSONS, 

KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND 

^x\x%%y ©Us, JIafnts, "Bxxm^tn of a^U 
WuHf^, J^ocfttt JSooKfis, STaiUtSoajis, 

Notions, Perfuinerj, Toilet Articles, &e. 

Sole Agents for Acker's, Gooch's and Chamberlain's 
Remedies, and all other standard Patent Medi- 
cines. Prescriptions carefully compounded. 

"A fine line Cigars and Tobacco. 
'Sole Propii.tors for Rice's Anodyne Liniment. 



145 



^^'^^ 'i^^dm^p 



Next door to City Hall, near Main Street, 
CHARI.OTTESYII.I.E^, - - VIRGINIA, 

Mrs. Walter Brownley, Pror 

Best Location in the City. Good Accommodatioas. 
Rates, ;^i.oo and 8 1.25 per day. ^ 



holesale MaIl^lfact^lriIlg' Druggist^!, 
CATLETTSBURG, - - KY. 

The Largest Drug House in the Ohio Valley. Manufacturers of 
228 Remedies that are sold by the Dozen. 16,000 square feet of 
floor room. 28 hands employed. 

Sole Proprietors of the famous NERVE KING. The only remedy that is 
sold on an absolute guarantee to cure all Pains and Aches, Cramps and Colic, 
Diarrhoea, Dysentery, etc. Used internally and externally. 

Tl»e best Liniment in the world. Price, 25 Cents. 

Sole Proprietors of the renowned HINDOO KIDNEY CORDIAL, for the 
permanent cure of Pains in the Back, and all disorders of the Kidneys and 
Urinary Organs. 

Thousands of certificates of those who have used this remedy, will be sent 
on application. Price, |i.oo. 

■•SfTor sale by Drug Stores, and Country Stores everywhere. "^^ 



146 

Gardner's Xtiniment 

Is rapidly becoming known as an INFALLIBLE REMEDY for 

Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Aches, Sprains, Bruises, 
Ingrowing Nails, Ulcers, Old Sores, Burns, 
Scalds, Toothache, &c., &c. 



In a case of fJiPHTHERIA take a feather with the liniment on it, after 
shaking well, and touch the infected parts and you will get relief. 

Try it on a SORE- BACK HORSE, or any of the aforesaid troubles iti horses 
or<:attle, and note the effect. It will always help and often cure them. 

I know that when it is once tried in a city, town, or country, a demand is 
secured for it. 

Druggists, merchants, and dealers generally, this remedy must reach the 
peoi^le, and the sooner you take hold of it the better— not only for you, but for 
me, for suffering humanity, and many of the brute creation. 

Call on the merchants for it, and if they will not get it for you send to me, 
and when you get it always keep it in the house for unforeseen emergencies, 
and strictly observe the directions on the bottle. 

In all the multifarious diseases that this remedy will eradicate or help, it is 
essential that the bowels be kept in a healthy condition. 



««- Persons wanting references can get them by writing to the following gen- 
tlemen at this place : 

W. H. SOWARDS, Postmaster; Rev. JESSE BALL; Rev. GEO. STUMP; 
Rev: C. N. JOHNSON; HARRY VVEDDINGTON, Deputy Sheriff; HI WIL- 
LIAMSON, Clerk Pike County Court ; F. C. HATCHER, Vice-President Pike 
County Farmers' and Laborers' Union ; A. J. AUXIER, Attorney-at-Law ; 
Ex-U. S. Marshal of Kentucky. 

i=K.ICE S5 OElsTTS. 

C. R. GARDNER, PikeviUe, Ky. 



BIG SANDY 

HACK LINE CO. 



BUMS DAILY MACES 

(Except Sundays) between Richardson, Paintsville, 
Prestonsburg and Pikeville, Ky. 

TMB mm tEMABlE UM 

running daily from the r*ailroad to Pikeville. 

Good Feed and Livery Stables. 

where conveyances can be kired for any part ^ 
county, both at Paintsville and Prestonsburr 
cial attention given to forwarding 

For any information desired, address 



mai|iig li^cii |Liiie> 

Paintsville or Prestonsburg, Ky 



AY 12 !902 

14S 

JOHN e. SANFORD, 

Manufacturer of and dealer iu all kinds of 

SADDLES, HARNESS, BRIDLES, 

COLLAES, WHIPS, Etc, 

I^^The famous KENTUCKY SPRING SAD- 
DLE a specialty. 

For a number of years Mr. S*«ford has devoted his entire tinve t« 
the manufacture of this excellent SADDLE, and the truth of the 
superiority of this saddle over all other saddles, is manifested to 
him by the orders he receives for it from all parts of the country, 
many of them being shipped to remote sections. 

The points of superiority of this saddle consist in its being built 

in such a manner as to adapt itself both to the horse and to the 

rider, so as not to hurt either ; and any person who has any regard 

""or self or horse, having once tried this saddle, will never use any 

'-er ; and purchasers are numerous who 

re they would not take ten prices 

ere it impossible to obtain an- 

^r. Sanford not only supplies 

'roughout his ovn^ section of, 

I them, but ship-s them toi 

'tucky. West Virginia, Ohio, 

them to nearly every State 

•ps a full line of SADDLES 

ARNESS OF EVERY KIND, 
/thing connected with the Sad- 
Harness business. 

^LES SENT TO ANY STATE 
CT TO EXAMINATION. 

^^Correspondence solicited. Mail orders 

mptly filled. 




